Cardiac involvement in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome): Prospective evaluation at a tertiary referral centre.


Journal

European journal of internal medicine
ISSN: 1879-0828
Titre abrégé: Eur J Intern Med
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 9003220

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Mar 2021
Historique:
received: 24 07 2020
revised: 24 11 2020
accepted: 08 12 2020
pubmed: 29 12 2020
medline: 24 4 2021
entrez: 28 12 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare systemic vasculitis. Cardiac specific involvement (CSI) is caused by coronary artery vasculitis, but also by myocardial eosinophilic infiltration. To date, the prevalence of CSI associated with EGPA is unresolved. Aim of this study was to systematically assess the prevalence and clinical impact of CSI in a consecutive outpatient EGPA population. Between October 2018 and July 2019, we prospectively enrolled 52 consecutive EGPA patients. All underwent comprehensive evaluation including a standardized questionnaire, physical examination, 12-lead-ECG, echocardiography. Cardiac magnetic resonance and 24 h-Holter were performed as deemed clinically appropriate. Cardiac abnormalities were defined as CSI based on the likelihood of their relation to EGPA vasculitis, after exclusion of alternative diagnoses. 52 enrolled patients, mean age 59±1 years. Thirteen of the 52 patients (25%) were classified as CSI+. CSI was characterized by myocarditis in four patients, non-scar-related regional wall motions abnormalities (RWMA) in three, apical thrombosis in two (one also had RWMA), pericarditis in three and non-atherosclerotic coronary disease (Prinzmetal angina and coronaritis) in 2. Five (38%) of the 13 CSI+ patients, presented an apical aneurysm. Peak eosinophil count at diagnosis was higher in CSI+: 8000 /μl vs CSI-: 3000 /μl, p = 0.017. Overall, 2 patients had severe LV dysfunction, 5 required urgent hospitalization and 8 required long-term cardioactive therapy. CSI was present in one-quarter of patients, often associated with high peak eosinophils. Myocarditis, RWMA and apical aneurysms were the most common manifestations. Although rarely severe and life-threatening, CSI often required long-term cardioactive treatment.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare systemic vasculitis. Cardiac specific involvement (CSI) is caused by coronary artery vasculitis, but also by myocardial eosinophilic infiltration. To date, the prevalence of CSI associated with EGPA is unresolved. Aim of this study was to systematically assess the prevalence and clinical impact of CSI in a consecutive outpatient EGPA population.
METHODS METHODS
Between October 2018 and July 2019, we prospectively enrolled 52 consecutive EGPA patients. All underwent comprehensive evaluation including a standardized questionnaire, physical examination, 12-lead-ECG, echocardiography. Cardiac magnetic resonance and 24 h-Holter were performed as deemed clinically appropriate. Cardiac abnormalities were defined as CSI based on the likelihood of their relation to EGPA vasculitis, after exclusion of alternative diagnoses.
RESULTS RESULTS
52 enrolled patients, mean age 59±1 years. Thirteen of the 52 patients (25%) were classified as CSI+. CSI was characterized by myocarditis in four patients, non-scar-related regional wall motions abnormalities (RWMA) in three, apical thrombosis in two (one also had RWMA), pericarditis in three and non-atherosclerotic coronary disease (Prinzmetal angina and coronaritis) in 2. Five (38%) of the 13 CSI+ patients, presented an apical aneurysm. Peak eosinophil count at diagnosis was higher in CSI+: 8000 /μl vs CSI-: 3000 /μl, p = 0.017. Overall, 2 patients had severe LV dysfunction, 5 required urgent hospitalization and 8 required long-term cardioactive therapy.
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
CSI was present in one-quarter of patients, often associated with high peak eosinophils. Myocarditis, RWMA and apical aneurysms were the most common manifestations. Although rarely severe and life-threatening, CSI often required long-term cardioactive treatment.

Identifiants

pubmed: 33358337
pii: S0953-6205(20)30451-9
doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.12.008
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

68-79

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Auteurs

Mattia Zampieri (M)

Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Giacomo Emmi (G)

Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. Electronic address: giacomo.emmi@unifi.it.

Matteo Beltrami (M)

Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Carlo Fumagalli (C)

Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Maria Letizia Urban (ML)

Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Lorenzo-Lupo Dei (LL)

Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Alberto Marchi (A)

Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Martina Berteotti (M)

Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Alessia Tomberli (A)

Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Katia Baldini (K)

Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Alessandra Bettiol (A)

Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Silvia Pradella (S)

Radiology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Elena Silvestri (E)

Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Niccolò Marchionni (N)

Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Cardiothoracovascular Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Augusto Vaglio (A)

Deptartment of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy.

Iacopo Olivotto (I)

Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Domenico Prisco (D)

Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

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