A mark of disease: how mRNA modifications shape genetic and acquired pathologies.
RNA modifications
cancer
epitranscriptomics
human disease
mRNA
posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression
Journal
RNA (New York, N.Y.)
ISSN: 1469-9001
Titre abrégé: RNA
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9509184
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 2021
04 2021
Historique:
pubmed:
31
12
2020
medline:
22
4
2021
entrez:
30
12
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
RNA modifications have recently emerged as a widespread and complex facet of gene expression regulation. Counting more than 170 distinct chemical modifications with far-reaching implications for RNA fate, they are collectively referred to as the epitranscriptome. These modifications can occur in all RNA species, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). In mRNAs the deposition, removal, and recognition of chemical marks by writers, erasers and readers influence their structure, localization, stability, and translation. In turn, this modulates key molecular and cellular processes such as RNA metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, and others. Unsurprisingly, given their relevance for cellular and organismal functions, alterations of epitranscriptomic marks have been observed in a broad range of human diseases, including cancer, neurological and metabolic disorders. Here, we will review the major types of mRNA modifications and editing processes in conjunction with the enzymes involved in their metabolism and describe their impact on human diseases. We present the current knowledge in an updated catalog. We will also discuss the emerging evidence on the crosstalk of epitranscriptomic marks and what this interplay could imply for the dynamics of mRNA modifications. Understanding how this complex regulatory layer can affect the course of human pathologies will ultimately lead to its exploitation toward novel epitranscriptomic therapeutic strategies.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33376192
pii: rna.077271.120
doi: 10.1261/rna.077271.120
pmc: PMC7962492
doi:
Substances chimiques
Genetic Markers
0
RNA, Messenger
0
RNA, Untranslated
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
367-389Informations de copyright
© 2021 Destefanis et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the RNA Society.
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