Cardiorespiratory response to exercise in endurance-trained premenopausal and postmenopausal females.
Adult
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Contraceptives, Oral
/ administration & dosage
Endurance Training
Estradiol
/ blood
Exercise
/ physiology
Female
Heart Rate
/ physiology
Humans
Middle Aged
Oxygen Consumption
/ physiology
Physical Endurance
/ physiology
Postmenopause
/ physiology
Premenopause
/ physiology
Progesterone
/ blood
Blood pressure
Heart rate
Menstrual cycle
Oral contraceptive
Oxygen consumption
Ventilation
Journal
European journal of applied physiology
ISSN: 1439-6327
Titre abrégé: Eur J Appl Physiol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 100954790
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Mar 2021
Mar 2021
Historique:
received:
04
07
2020
accepted:
27
11
2020
pubmed:
4
1
2021
medline:
3
11
2021
entrez:
3
1
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
To assess the influence of different hormonal profiles on the cardiorespiratory response to exercise in endurance-trained females. Forty-seven eumenorrheic females, 38 low-dose monophasic oral contraceptive (OC) users and 13 postmenopausal women, all of them endurance-trained, participated in this study. A DXA scan, blood sample tests and a maximal aerobic test were performed under similar low-sex hormone levels: early follicular phase for the eumenorrheic females; withdrawal phase for the OC group and at any time for postmenopausal women. Cardiorespiratory variables were measured at resting and throughout the maximal aerobic test (ventilatory threshold 1, 2 and peak values). Heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored with a 12-lead ECG. Blood pressure (BP) was measured with an auscultatory method and a calibrated mercury sphygmomanometer. Expired gases were measured breath-by-breath with the gas analyser Jaeger Oxycon Pro. One-way ANCOVA reported a lower peak HR in postmenopausal women (172.4 ± 11.7 bpm) than in eumenorrheic females (180.9 ± 10.6 bpm) (p = 0.024). In addition, postmenopausal women exhibited lower VO Cardiorespiratory system is impaired in postmenopausal women due to physiological changes caused by age and sex hormones' decrement. Although these alterations appear not to be fully compensated by exercise, endurance training could effectively mitigate them. In addition, monophasic OC pills appear not to impact cardiorespiratory response to an incremental running test in endurance-trained females.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33389018
doi: 10.1007/s00421-020-04574-4
pii: 10.1007/s00421-020-04574-4
doi:
Substances chimiques
Contraceptives, Oral
0
Progesterone
4G7DS2Q64Y
Estradiol
4TI98Z838E
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
903-913Références
Ashley CD, Bishop P, Smith JF, Reneau P, Perkins C (2000) Menstrual phase effects on fat and carbohydrate oxidation during prolonged exercise in active females. J Exerc Physiol 3:67–73
Association WM (2002) World medical association declaration of Helsinki ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Nurs Ethics 9:105. https://doi.org/10.1191/0969733002ne486xx
doi: 10.1191/0969733002ne486xx
Astorino TA et al (2018) Increased cardiac output and maximal oxygen uptake in response to ten sessions of high intensity interval training. J Sports Med Phys Fitn 58:164–171. https://doi.org/10.23736/s0022-4707.16.06606-8
doi: 10.23736/s0022-4707.16.06606-8
Barba-Moreno L, Cupeiro R, Romero-Parra N, Janse de Jonge XAK, Peinado AB (2019) cardiorespiratory responses to endurance exercise over the menstrual cycle and with oral contraceptive use. J Strength Cond Res. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000003447
doi: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003447
pubmed: 31855928
Bondarev D et al (2018) Physical performance in relation to menopause status and physical activity. Menopause 25:1432–1441. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0000000000001137
doi: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001137
pubmed: 29787482
Boukari R, Laouafa S, Ribon-Demars A, Bairam A, Joseph V (2017) Ovarian steroids act as respiratory stimulant and antioxidant against the causes and consequences of sleep-apnea in women. Resp Physiol Neurobi 239:46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2017.01.013
doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.01.013
Burrows M, Bird S (2000) The physiology of the highly trained female endurance runner. Sports Med 30:281–300. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200030040-00004
doi: 10.2165/00007256-200030040-00004
pubmed: 11048775
Burrows M, Peters CE (2007) The influence of oral contraceptives on athletic performance in female athletes. Sports Med 37:557–574. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737070-00001
doi: 10.2165/00007256-200737070-00001
pubmed: 17595152
Carter J, Jeukendrup AE (2002) Validity and reliability of three commercially available breath-by-breath respiratory systems. Eur J Appl Physiol 86:435–441
doi: 10.1007/s00421-001-0572-2
Casazza GA, Suh S-H, Miller BF, Navazio FM, Brooks GA (2002) Effects of oral contraceptives on peak exercise capacity. J Appl Physiol 93:1698–1702. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00622.2002
doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00622.2002
pubmed: 12381756
Christou DD, Seals DR (2008) Decreased maximal heart rate with aging is related to reduced β-adrenergic responsiveness but is largely explained by a reduction in intrinsic heart rate. J Appl Physiol 105:24–29. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90401.2008
doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90401.2008
pubmed: 18483165
pmcid: 2494835
Cohen J, Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A, Buchner A (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge, New York
Constantini NW, Dubnov G, Lebrun CM (2005) The menstrual cycle and sport performance. Clin Sports Med 24:e51–e82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2005.01.003
doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2005.01.003
pubmed: 15892917
Cortes N, Onate J, Morrison S (2014) Differential effects of fatigue on movement variability. Gait Posture 39:888–893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.11.020
doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.11.020
pubmed: 24370441
dos Santos RL, da Silva FB, Ribeiro RF, Stefanon I (2014) Sex hormones in the cardiovascular system. Horm Mol Biol Clin Invest 18:89–103. https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2013-0048
doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0048
Farinatti P, Monteiro W, Oliveira R, Crisafulli A (2018) Cardiorespiratory responses and myocardial function within incremental exercise in healthy unmedicated older vs. young men and women. Aging Clin Exp Res 30:341–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-017-0776-x
doi: 10.1007/s40520-017-0776-x
pubmed: 28523609
Ferreira I, Twisk JWR, Stehouwer CDA, Van Mechelen W, Kemper HCG (2003) Longitudinal changes in V̇O2max: associations with carotid IMT and arterial stiffness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:1670–1678. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000089247.37563.4b
doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000089247.37563.4b
pubmed: 14523303
Fleg JL, Morrell CH, Bos AG, Brant LJ, Talbot LA, Wright JG, Lakatta EG (2005) Accelerated longitudinal decline of aerobic capacity in healthy older adults. Circulation 112:674–682. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.545459
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.545459
pubmed: 16043637
Foss Ø, Hallen J (2005) Validity and stability of a computerized metabolic system with mixing chamber. Int J Sports Med 26:569–575
doi: 10.1055/s-2004-821317
Gibala MJ (2020) Physiological basis of interval training for performance enhancement. Exp Physiol. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP088190
doi: 10.1113/EP088190
pubmed: 32362039
Giribela CR, Melo NR, Silva RC, Hong VM, Guerra GM, Baracat EC, Consolim-Colombo FM (2012) A combined oral contraceptive containing drospirenone changes neither endothelial function nor hemodynamic parameters in healthy young women: a prospective clinical trial. Contraception 86:35–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2011.08.017
doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2011.08.017
pubmed: 22465116
Godbole G, Joshi A, Vaidya SM (2016) Effect of female sex hormones on cardiorespiratory parameters. J Fam Med Prim Care 5:822. https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.201148
doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.201148
Goldsmith E, Glaister M (2020) The effect of the menstrual cycle on running economy. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.20.10229-9
doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.20.10229-9
pubmed: 32037785
Gordon D, Scruton A, Barnes R, Baker J, Prado L, Merzbach V (2018) The effects of menstrual cycle phase on the incidence of plateau at and associated cardiorespiratory dynamics. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 38:689–698. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12469
doi: 10.1111/cpf.12469
pubmed: 28906053
Grandi G, Xholli A, Napolitano A, Piacenti I, Bellafronte M, Cagnacci A (2014) Prospective measurement of blood pressure and heart rate over 24 h in women using combined oral contraceptives with estradiol. Contraception 90:529–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2014.05.011
doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.05.011
pubmed: 24962542
Green DJ, Hopman MT, Padilla J, Laughlin MH, Thijssen DH (2017) Vascular adaptation to exercise in humans: role of hemodynamic stimuli. Physiol Rev 97:495–528. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00014.2016
doi: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2016
pubmed: 28151424
pmcid: 5539408
Janse de Jonge XA (2003) Effects of the menstrual cycle on exercise performance. Sports Med 33:833–851. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333110-00004
doi: 10.2165/00007256-200333110-00004
pubmed: 12959622
Joyce S, Sabapathy S, Bulmer A, Minahan C (2013) Effect of long-term oral contraceptive use on determinants of endurance performance. J Strength Cond Res 27:1891–1896. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182736935
doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182736935
pubmed: 22996028
Karsenty G (2012) The mutual dependence between bone and gonads. J Endocrinol 213:107–114
doi: 10.1530/JOE-11-0452
Lebrun CM (1993) Effect of the different phases of the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptives on athletic performance. Sports Med 16:400–430. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199316060-00005
doi: 10.2165/00007256-199316060-00005
pubmed: 8303141
Lebrun CM, Petit MA, McKenzie DC, Taunton JE, Prior JC (2003) Decreased maximal aerobic capacity with use of a triphasic oral contraceptive in highly active women: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 37:315–320. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.37.4.315
doi: 10.1136/bjsm.37.4.315
pubmed: 12893716
pmcid: 1724664
Mattu AT, Iannetta D, MacInnis MJ, Doyle-Baker PK, Murias JM (2019) Menstrual and oral contraceptive cycle phases do not affect submaximal and maximal exercise responses. Scand J Med Sci Sports 00:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13590
doi: 10.1111/sms.13590
Meendering JR, Torgrimson BN, Miller NP, Kaplan PF, Minson CT (2009) Ethinyl estradiol-to-desogestrel ratio impacts endothelial function in young women. Contraception 79:41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2008.07.025
doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.07.025
pubmed: 19041440
Middlekauff HR, Park J, Gornbein JA (2012) Lack of effect of ovarian cycle and oral contraceptives on baroreceptor and nonbaroreceptor control of sympathetic nerve activity in healthy women. Am J Physiol-Heart Circul Physiol 302:H2560–H2566
doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00579.2011
Miyachi M, Tanaka H, Yamamoto K, Yoshioka A, Takahashi K, Onodera S (2001) Effects of one-legged endurance training on femoral arterial and venous size in healthy humans. J Appl Physiol 90:2439–2444. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.6.2439
doi: 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.6.2439
pubmed: 11356811
Moazami M, Farahati S (2013) The effects of aerobic training on pulmonary function in postmenopausal women. Int J Sport Std 3:169–174
doi: 10.18848/2152-7857/CGP/v03i02/53914
Neufeld IW, Kiselev AR, Karavaev AS, Prokhorov MD, Gridnev VI, Ponomarenko VI, Bezruchko BP (2015) Autonomic control of cardiovascular system in pre-and postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 16:11. https://doi.org/10.5152/jtgga.2015.15201
doi: 10.5152/jtgga.2015.15201
pubmed: 25788843
pmcid: 4358305
Nilsson S, Nygren K-G (1978) Ethinyl estradiol in peripheral plasma after oral administration of 30 μg and 50 μg to women. Contraception 18:469–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-7824(78)90031-8
doi: 10.1016/0010-7824(78)90031-8
pubmed: 729373
Nisenbaum MG et al (2014) Effects of a contraceptive containing drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol on blood pressure and autonomic tone: a prospective controlled clinical trial. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 175:62–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.01.006
doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.01.006
pubmed: 24480113
Nolan P, Beaven M, Dalleck L (2014) Comparison of intensities and rest periods for VO
doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1367065
pubmed: 24886925
Packard KA, Lenz T, Elder B, Godfrey C, Holcomb R, Windle E (2011) Oral contraceptive use may attenuate menstrual cycle-induced ventilatory changes in endurance trained runners. J Sports Med 5:19–25. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874387001105010019
doi: 10.2174/1874387001105010019
Poole DC, Jones AM (2017) Measurement of the maximum oxygen uptake VO
doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01063.2016
pubmed: 28153947
Rabadan M, Diaz V, Calderon FJ, Benito PJ, Peinado AB, Maffulli N (2011) Physiological determinants of speciality of elite middle- and long-distance runners. J Sports Sci 29:975–982. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.571271
doi: 10.1080/02640414.2011.571271
pubmed: 21604227
Rebelo ACS, Zuttin RS, Verlengia R, Cesar MDC, de Sá MFS, da Silva E (2010) Effect of low-dose combined oral contraceptive on aerobic capacity and anaerobic threshold level in active and sedentary young women. Contraception 81:309–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2009.11.005
doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.11.005
pubmed: 20227547
Rechichi C, Dawson B, Goodman C (2009) Athletic performance and the oral contraceptive. Int J Sport Physiol 4:151–162. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.4.2.151
doi: 10.1123/ijspp.4.2.151
Redman LM, Scroop GC, Westlander G, Norman RJ (2005) Effect of a synthetic progestin on the exercise status of sedentary young women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:3830–3837. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-2401
doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-2401
pubmed: 15840751
Roldán A, Cordellat A, Monteagudo P, García-Lucerga C, Blasco-Lafarga NM, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Blasco-Lafarga C (2019) Beneficial effects of inspiratory muscle training combined with multicomponent training in elderly active women. Res Q Exerc Sport 90:547–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2019.1633009
doi: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1633009
pubmed: 31397649
Samsudeen N, Rajagopalan A (2016) Effect of different phases of menstrual cycle on cardio-respiratory efficiency in normal, overweight and obese female undergraduate students. J Clin Diagn Res. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/23080.8954
doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/23080.8954
pubmed: 28208847
pmcid: 5296420
Santos M, Rebelo A, Zuttin R, César M, Catai A, Silva E (2008) Influence of oral contraceptive use on lipid levels and cardiorespiratory responses among healthy sedentary women. Braz J Phys Ther 12:188–194
doi: 10.1590/S1413-35552008000300006
Sims ST, Heather AK (2018) Myths and Methodologies: reducing scientific design ambiguity in studies comparing sexes and/or menstrual cycle phases. Exp Physiol 103:1309–1317. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP086797
doi: 10.1113/EP086797
pubmed: 30051938
Subhashri S, Pal P, Pal GK (2019a) Sympathovagal imbalance and cognitive deficit in postmenopausal women: a mini review. Int J Clin Exp Physiol 6:38–41. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijcep.2018.6.2.11
doi: 10.5530/ijcep.2018.6.2.11
Subhashri S, Pal P, Papa D, Nanda N, Pal GK, Packirisamy RM (2019b) Assessment of heart rate variability in early post-menopausal women. Int J Clin Exp Physiol 6:11–14. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijcep.2019.6.1.4
doi: 10.5530/ijcep.2019.6.1.4
Tapadar S, Tapadar S (2019) A study on the effect of exercise on menopausal women. IOSR-JDMS 18:37–42. https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1806133742
doi: 10.9790/0853-1806133742
Teixeira ALS, Júnior WF, Moraes EM, Alves HB, Damasceno VDO, Dias MRC (2012) Effects of menstrual cycle phase on resting heart rate in healthy women. J Exerc Physiol. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/13795.6592
doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/13795.6592
Teixeira AL, Ramos PS, Vianna LC, Ricardo DR (2015a) Effects of ovarian hormones and oral contraceptive pills on cardiac vagal withdrawal at the onset of dynamic exercise. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119626
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119626
pubmed: 26717147
pmcid: 4696673
Teixeira AL, Ramos PS, Vianna LC, Ricardo DR (2015b) Heart rate variability across the menstrual cycle in young women taking oral contraceptives. Psychophysiol 52:1451–1455. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12510
doi: 10.1111/psyp.12510
Torgrimson BN, Meendering JR, Kaplan PF, Minson CT (2007) Endothelial function across an oral contraceptive cycle in women using levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 288:H103-110. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00762.2006
doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00762.2006
Vaiksaar S, Jürimäe J, Mäestu J, Purge P, Kalytka S, Shakhlina L, Jürimäe T (2011) No effect of menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive use on endurance performance in rowers. J Strength Cond Res 25:1571–1578. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181df7fd2
doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181df7fd2
pubmed: 21399539
Von Holzen J, Capaldo G, Wilhelm M, Stute P (2016) Impact of endo-and exogenous estrogens on heart rate variability in women: a review. Climacteric 19:222–228. https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2016.1145206
doi: 10.3109/13697137.2016.1145206
Weissman A, Lowenstein L, Tal J, Ohel G, Calderon I, Lightman A (2009) Modulation of heart rate variability by estrogen in young women undergoing induction of ovulation. Eur J Appl Physiol 105:381–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0914-4
doi: 10.1007/s00421-008-0914-4
pubmed: 18989692
Westhoff CL, Pike MC, Tang R, DiNapoli MN, Sull M, Cremers S (2015) Estimating systemic exposure to ethinyl estradiol from an oral contraceptive. Am J Obstet Gynecol 212(614):e611-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2014.12.007
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.12.007
White CP, Hitchcock CL, Vigna YM, Prior JC (2011) Fluid retention over the menstrual cycle: 1-year data from the prospective ovulation cohort. Obs Gynecol Int. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/138451
doi: 10.1155/2011/138451
Williams TJ, Krahenbuhl GS (1997) Menstrual cycle phase and running economy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 29:1609–1618. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199712000-00010
doi: 10.1097/00005768-199712000-00010
pubmed: 9432094