The role of Irisin in multiorgan protection.
Caspase 3
/ genetics
Cell Communication
/ genetics
Exercise
/ physiology
Fibronectins
/ genetics
Gene Expression Regulation
Heart
/ physiology
Humans
Kidney
/ physiology
Lung
/ physiology
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
/ genetics
Muscle, Skeletal
/ cytology
Signal Transduction
Uncoupling Protein 2
/ genetics
Irisin
Myokines
Organ protection
Journal
Molecular biology reports
ISSN: 1573-4978
Titre abrégé: Mol Biol Rep
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 0403234
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jan 2021
Jan 2021
Historique:
received:
09
09
2020
accepted:
03
12
2020
pubmed:
4
1
2021
medline:
21
5
2021
entrez:
3
1
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Physical exercise is an effective strategy for improving human health. Various organs, including the heart, lung and kidney, can benefit from exercise. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which exercise protects organs remain unknown. Irisin, a myokine secreted from muscle in response to exercise, has attracted increased attention from researchers. The role of irisin in multiorgan protection has been gradually revealed, and this muscle-derived circulating factor is regarded as an essential bridge linking exercise and organ health. The mechanisms by which irisin protects diverse organs are different. Here, we review the research progress on the multiorgan protective effects of irisin and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33389537
doi: 10.1007/s11033-020-06067-1
pii: 10.1007/s11033-020-06067-1
doi:
Substances chimiques
FNDC5 protein, human
0
Fibronectins
0
UCP2 protein, human
0
Uncoupling Protein 2
0
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
EC 2.7.11.24
CASP3 protein, human
EC 3.4.22.-
Caspase 3
EC 3.4.22.-
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
763-772Subventions
Organisme : the National Key R&D Program of China
ID : 2018YFC1312700
Organisme : the National Natural Science Foundation of China
ID : 81700371
Organisme : the National Natural Science Foundation of China
ID : 81900404
Références
Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee IM, Nieman DC, Swain DP, American College of Sports M. American college of sports medicine position stand (2011) Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 43:1334–1359
Wang Y, Li M, Dong F, Zhang J, Zhang F (2015) Physical exercise-induced protection on ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Int J Clin Exp Med 8:19859–19866
pubmed: 26884896
pmcid: 4723741
Walsh K (2009) Adipokines, myokines and cardiovascular disease. Circulat J Off J Jpn Circulat Soc 73:13–18
Bortoluzzi S, Scannapieco P, Cestaro A, Danieli GA, Schiaffino S (2006) Computational reconstruction of the human skeletal muscle secretome. Proteins 62:776–792
pubmed: 16342272
Yoon JH, Yea K, Kim J, Choi YS, Park S, Lee H, Lee CS, Suh PG, Ryu SH (2009) Comparative proteomic analysis of the insulin-induced l6 myotube secretome. Proteomics 9:51–60
pubmed: 19053084
Henningsen J, Rigbolt KT, Blagoev B, Pedersen BK, Kratchmarova I (2010) Dynamics of the skeletal muscle secretome during myoblast differentiation. Mol Cell Proteomics: MCP 9:2482–2496
pubmed: 20631206
Norheim F, Raastad T, Thiede B, Rustan AC, Drevon CA, Haugen F (2011) Proteomic identification of secreted proteins from human skeletal muscle cells and expression in response to strength training. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 301:E1013–E1021
pubmed: 21828336
Pedersen BK, Febbraio MA (2012) Muscles, exercise and obesity: skeletal muscle as a secretory organ. Nat Rev Endocrinol 8:457–465
pubmed: 22473333
Bostrom P, Wu J, Jedrychowski MP, Korde A, Ye L, Lo JC, Rasbach KA, Bostrom EA, Choi JH, Long JZ, Kajimura S, Zingaretti MC, Vind BF, Tu H, Cinti S, Hojlund K, Gygi SP, Spiegelman BM (2012) A pgc1-alpha-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature 481:463–468
pubmed: 22237023
pmcid: 3522098
Vaughan RA, Gannon NP, Barberena MA, Garcia-Smith R, Bisoffi M, Mermier CM, Conn CA, Trujillo KA (2014) Characterization of the metabolic effects of irisin on skeletal muscle in vitro. Diabetes Obes Metab
Saely CH, Geiger K, Drexel H (2012) Brown versus white adipose tissue: a mini-review. Gerontology 58:15–23
pubmed: 21135534
Elattar S, Satyanarayana A (2015) Can brown fat win the battle against white fat? J Cell Physiol 230:2311–2317
pubmed: 25760392
pmcid: 4481171
Cereijo R, Giralt M, Villarroya F (2015) Thermogenic brown and beige/brite adipogenesis in humans. Ann Med 47:169–177
pubmed: 25230914
Park MJ, Kim DI, Choi JH, Heo YR, Park SH (2015) New role of irisin in hepatocytes: the protective effect of hepatic steatosis in vitro. Cell Signal 27:1831–1839
pubmed: 25917316
Rana KS, Pararasa C, Afzal I, Nagel DA, Hill EJ, Bailey CJ, Griffiths HR, Kyrou I, Randeva HS, Bellary S, Brown JE (2017) Plasma irisin is elevated in type 2 diabetes and is associated with increased e-selectin levels. Cardiovasc Diabetol 16:147
pubmed: 29121940
pmcid: 5680831
Huh JY, Dincer F, Mesfum E, Mantzoros CS (2014) Irisin stimulates muscle growth-related genes and regulates adipocyte differentiation and metabolism in humans. Int J Obes 38:1538–1544
Huh JY, Mougios V, Kabasakalis A, Fatouros I, Siopi A, Douroudos II, Filippaios A, Panagiotou G, Park KH, Mantzoros CS (2014) Exercise-induced irisin secretion is independent of age or fitness level and increased irisin may directly modulate muscle metabolism through ampk activation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:E2154–E2161
pubmed: 25119310
Liu TY, Shi CX, Gao R, Sun HJ, Xiong XQ, Ding L, Chen Q, Li YH, Wang JJ, Kang YM, Zhu GQ (2015) Irisin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases glycogen synthesis via the pi3k/akt pathway in type 2 diabetic mice and hepatocytes. Clin Sci 129:839–850
Mahmoodnia L, Sadoughi M, Ahmadi A, Kafeshani M (2016) Relationship between serum irisin, glycemic indices, and renal function in type 2 diabetic patients. J Renal Inj Prev 6:88–92
pubmed: 28497081
pmcid: 5423290
Du XL, Jiang WX, Lv ZT (2016) Lower circulating irisin level in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Horm Metab Res 48:644–652
pubmed: 27300472
Qiu S, Cai X, Yin H, Zügel M, Sun Z, Steinacker JM, Schumann U (2016) Association between circulating irisin and insulin resistance in non-diabetic adults: a meta-analysis. Metab Clin Exp 65:825–834
pubmed: 27173461
Leung PS (2017) The potential of irisin as a therapeutic for diabetes. Future Med Chem 9:529–532
pubmed: 28402688
Lecker SH, Zavin A, Cao P, Arena R, Allsup K, Daniels KM, Joseph J, Schulze PC, Forman DE (2012) Expression of the irisin precursor fndc5 in skeletal muscle correlates with aerobic exercise performance in patients with heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 5:812–818
pubmed: 23001918
pmcid: 7284011
Shen S, Gao R, Bei Y, Li J, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Yao W, Xu D, Zhou F, Jin M, Wei S, Wang K, Xu X, Li Y, Xiao J, Li X (2017) Serum irisin predicts mortality risk in acute heart failure patients. Cell Physiol Biochem 42:615–622
pubmed: 28595171
Kalkan AK, Cakmak HA, Erturk M, Kalkan KE, Uzun F, Tasbulak O, Diker VO, Aydin S, Celik A (2018) Adropin and irisin in patients with cardiac cachexia. Arq Bras Cardiol 111:39–47
pubmed: 29972412
pmcid: 6078358
Silvestrini A, Bruno C, Vergani E, Venuti A, Favuzzi AMR, Guidi F, Nicolotti N, Meucci E, Mordente A, Mancini A (2019) Circulating irisin levels in heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction: a pilot study. PLoS One 14:e0210320
pubmed: 30657767
pmcid: 6338355
Hsieh IC, Ho M-Y, Wen M-S, Chen C-C, Hsieh M-J, Lin C-P, Yeh J-K, Tsai M-L, Yang C-H, Wu VC-C, Hung K-C, Wang C-C, Wang C-Y (2018) Serum irisin levels are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 261:12–17
pubmed: 29657036
Kuloglu T, Aydin S, Eren MN, Yilmaz M, Sahin I, Kalayci M, Sarman E, Kaya N, Yilmaz OF, Turk A, Aydin Y, Yalcin MH, Uras N, Gurel A, Ilhan S, Gul E, Aydin S (2014) Irisin: a potentially candidate marker for myocardial infarction. Peptides 55:85–91
pubmed: 24576483
Sundarrajan L, Yeung C, Hahn L, Weber LP, Unniappan S (2017) Irisin regulates cardiac physiology in zebrafish. PLoS One 12:e0181461
pubmed: 28771499
pmcid: 5542394
Wang H, Zhao YT, Zhang S, Dubielecka PM, Du J, Yano N, Chin YE, Zhuang S, Qin G, Zhao TC (2017) Irisin plays a pivotal role to protect the heart against ischemia and reperfusion injury. J Cell Physiol 232:3775–3785
pubmed: 28181692
pmcid: 5550372
Wang Z, Chen K, Han Y, Zhu H, Zhou X, Tan T, Zeng J, Zhang J, Liu Y, Li Y, Yao Y, Yi J, He D, Zhou J, Ma J, Zeng C (2018) Irisin protects heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury through a sod2-dependent mitochondria mechanism. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 72:259–269
pubmed: 29979350
pmcid: 6283696
Li R-L, Wu S-S, Wu Y, Wang X-X, Chen H-Y, Xin J-J, Li H, Lan J, Xue K-Y, Li X, Zhuo C-L, Cai Y-Y, He J-H, Zhang H-Y, Tang C-S, Wang W, Jiang W (2018) Irisin alleviates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inducing protective autophagy via mtor-independent activation of the ampk-ulk1 pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 121:242–255
pubmed: 30053525
Li R, Wang X, Wu S, Wu Y, Chen H, Xin J, Li H, Lan J, Xue K, Li X, Zhuo C, He J, Tang C-S, Jiang W (2019) Irisin ameliorates angiotensin ii-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through autophagy. J Cell Physiol 234:17578–17588
pubmed: 30793300
Geng Z, Fan W-Y, Zhou B, Ye C, Tong Y, Zhou Y-B, Xiong X-Q (2019) Fndc5 attenuates obesity-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inactivating jak2/stat3-associated inflammation and oxidative stress. J Transl Med 17:107
pubmed: 30940158
pmcid: 6444535
Greulich T, Nell C, Koepke J, Fechtel J, Franke M, Schmeck B, Haid D, Apelt S, Filipovic S, Kenn K, Janciauskiene S, Vogelmeier C, Koczulla AR (2014) Benefits of whole body vibration training in patients hospitalised for copd exacerbations - a randomized clinical trial. BMC Pulm Med 14:60
pubmed: 24725369
pmcid: 4021435
Sugiyama Y, Asai K, Yamada K, Kureya Y, Ijiri N, Watanabe T, Kanazawa H, Hirata K (2017) Decreased levels of irisin, a skeletal muscle cell-derived myokine, are related to emphysema associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 12:765–772
pubmed: 28424548
pmcid: 5344413
Chen K, Xu Z, Liu Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Xu X, Chen C, Xia T, Liao Q, Yao Y, Zeng C, He D, Yang Y, Tan T, Yi J, Zhou J, Zhu H, Ma J, Zeng C (2017) Irisin protects mitochondria function during pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion injury. Sci Transl Med 9
Shao L, Meng D, Yang F, Song H, Tang D (2017) Irisin-mediated protective effect on lps-induced acute lung injury via suppressing inflammation and apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 487:194–200
pubmed: 28396150
Xiang L, Xiang G, Yue L, Zhang J, Zhao L (2014) Circulating irisin levels are positively associated with endothelium-dependent vasodilation in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients without clinical angiopathy. Atherosclerosis 235:328–333
pubmed: 24911636
Moreno M, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Serrano M, Ortega F, Delgado E, Sanchez-Ragnarsson C, Valdes S, Botas P, Ricart W, Fernandez-Real JM (2015) Circulating irisin levels are positively associated with metabolic risk factors in sedentary subjects. PLoS One 10:e0124100
pubmed: 25897751
pmcid: 4405583
Han F, Zhang S, Hou N, Wang D, Sun X (2015) Irisin improves endothelial function in obese mice through the ampk-enos pathway. Am J Physiol Heart Circulat Physiol 309:H1501–H1508
Zhu D, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhang X, Xin C, Zhang F, Lee Y, Zhang L, Lian K, Yan W, Ma X, Liu Y, Tao L (2015) Irisin improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes through reducing oxidative/nitrative stresses. J Mol Cell Cardiol 87:138–147
pubmed: 26225842
Fu J, Han Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Zheng S, Zhou L, Jose PA, Zeng C (2016) Irisin lowers blood pressure by improvement of endothelial dysfunction via ampk-akt-enos-no pathway in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. J Am Heart Assoc 5
Goto C, Higashi Y, Kimura M, Noma K, Hara K, Nakagawa K, Kawamura M, Chayama K, Yoshizumi M, Nara I (2003) Effect of different intensities of exercise on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans. Circulation 108:530–535
pubmed: 12874192
Chen K, Zhou M, Wang X, Li S, Yang D (2019) The role of myokines and adipokines in hypertension and hypertension-related complications. Hypertension Res Off J Jpn Soc Hypertension 42:1544–1551
Wu H, Guo P, Jin Z, Li X, Yang X, Tang C, Wang Y, Ke J (2019) Serum levels of irisin predict short-term outcomes in ischemic stroke. Cytokine 122:154303
pubmed: 29472066
Guo W, Zhang B, Wang X (2020) Lower irisin levels in coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Minerva Endocrinol 45:61–69
pubmed: 29160049
Zhang Y, Mu Q, Zhou Z, Song H, Zhang Y, Wu F, Jiang M, Wang F, Zhang W, Li L, Shao L, Wang X, Li S, Yang L, Wu Q, Zhang M, Tang D (2016) Protective effect of irisin on atherosclerosis via suppressing oxidized low density lipoprotein induced vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. PLoS One 11:e0158038
pubmed: 27355581
pmcid: 4927070
Liu JJ, Liu S, Wong MD, Tan CS, Tavintharan S, Sum CF, Lim SC (2014) Relationship between circulating irisin, renal function and body composition in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complicat 28:208–213
Wen MS, Wang CY, Lin SL, Hung KC (2013) Decrease in irisin in patients with chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 8:e64025
pubmed: 23667695
pmcid: 3646802
Ebert T, Focke D, Petroff D, Wurst U, Richter J, Bachmann A, Lossner U, Kralisch S, Kratzsch J, Beige J, Bast I, Anders M, Bluher M, Stumvoll M, Fasshauer M (2014) Serum levels of the myokine irisin in relation to metabolic and renal function. Eur J Endocrinol 170:501–506
pubmed: 24399249
Maciorkowska M, Musialowska D, Malyszko J (2019) Adropin and irisin in arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Adv Clin Exp Med Off Organ Wroclaw Med Univ 28:1571–1575
Kaluzna M, Pawlaczyk K, Schwermer K, Hoppe K, Czlapka-Matyasik M, Ibrahim AY, Sawicka-Gutaj N, Minczykowski A, Ziemnicka K, Oko A, Ruchala M (2019) Adropin and irisin: New biomarkers of cardiac status in patients with end-stage renal disease? A preliminary study. Adv Clin Exp Med Off Organ Wroclaw Med Univ 28:347–353
Peng H, Wang Q, Lou T, Qin J, Jung S, Shetty V, Li F, Wang Y, Feng XH, Mitch WE, Graham BH, Hu Z (2017) Myokine mediated muscle-kidney crosstalk suppresses metabolic reprogramming and fibrosis in damaged kidneys. Nat Commun 8:1493
pubmed: 29138395
pmcid: 5686208
Kim SE, Ko IG, Park CY, Shin MS, Kim CJ, Jee YS (2013) Treadmill and wheel exercise alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced short-term memory impairment by enhancing neuronal maturation in rats. Mol Med Rep 7:31–36
pubmed: 23128607
Erickson KI, Voss MW, Prakash RS, Basak C, Szabo A, Chaddock L, Kim JS, Heo S, Alves H, White SM, Wojcicki TR, Mailey E, Vieira VJ, Martin SA, Pence BD, Woods JA, McAuley E, Kramer AF (2011) Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:3017–3022
pubmed: 21282661
pmcid: 3041121
Ruan Q, Zhang L, Ruan J, Zhang X, Chen J, Ma C, Yu Z (2018) Detection and quantitation of irisin in human cerebrospinal fluid by tandem mass spectrometry. Peptides 103:60–64
pubmed: 29574076
Dun SL, Lyu RM, Chen YH, Chang JK, Luo JJ, Dun NJ (2013) Irisin-immunoreactivity in neural and non-neural cells of the rodent. Neuroscience 240:155–162
pubmed: 23470775
pmcid: 3637839
Wrann Christiane D, White James P, Salogiannnis J, Laznik-Bogoslavski D, Wu J, Ma D, Lin Jiandie D, Greenberg Michael E, Spiegelman BM (2013) Exercise induces hippocampal bdnf through a pgc-1α/fndc5 pathway. Cell Metab 18:649–659
pubmed: 24120943
pmcid: 3980968
Budni J, Bellettini-Santos T, Mina F, Garcez ML, Zugno AI (2015) The involvement of bdnf, ngf and gdnf in aging and alzheimer’s disease. Aging Dis 6:331–341
pubmed: 26425388
pmcid: 4567216
Azimi M, Gharakhanlou R, Naghdi N, Khodadadi D, Heysieattalab S (2018) Moderate treadmill exercise ameliorates amyloid-β-induced learning and memory impairment, possibly via increasing ampk activity and up-regulation of the pgc-1α/fndc5/bdnf pathway. Peptides 102:78–88
pubmed: 29309801
Lourenco MV, Frozza RL, de Freitas GB, Zhang H, Kincheski GC, Ribeiro FC, Gonçalves RA, Clarke JR, Beckman D, Staniszewski A, Berman H, Guerra LA, Forny-Germano L, Meier S, Wilcock DM, de Souza JM, Alves-Leon S, Prado VF, Prado MAM, Abisambra JF, Tovar-Moll F, Mattos P, Arancio O, Ferreira ST, De Felice FG (2019) Exercise-linked fndc5/irisin rescues synaptic plasticity and memory defects in alzheimer’s models. Nat Med 25:165–175
pubmed: 30617325
pmcid: 6327967
Elhady M, Youness ER, Gafar HS, Abdel Aziz A, Mostafa RSI (2018) Circulating irisin and chemerin levels as predictors of seizure control in children with idiopathic epilepsy. Neurol Sci 39:1453–1458
pubmed: 29860632
Tu W-J, Qiu H-C, Liu Q, Li X, Zhao J-Z, Zeng X (2018) Decreased level of irisin, a skeletal muscle cell-derived myokine, is associated with post-stroke depression in the ischemic stroke population. J Neuroinflammation 15:133
pubmed: 29720216
pmcid: 5932807
Aslan R, Alp HH, Eryılmaz R, Huyut Z, Sevim M, Araz Ş, Ertas K, Taken K (2020) Can the irisin be a biomarker for prostate cancer? A case control study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 21:505–509
pubmed: 32102531
pmcid: 7332134
Gaggini M, Cabiati M, Del Turco S, Navarra T, De Simone P, Filipponi F, Del Ry S, Gastaldelli A, Basta G (2017) Increased fndc5/irisin expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Peptides 88:62–66
pubmed: 28012856
Aydin S, Kuloglu T, Ozercan MR, Albayrak S, Aydin S, Bakal U, Yilmaz M, Kalayci M, Yardim M, Sarac M, Kazez A, Kocdor H, Kanat B, Ozercan İ, Gonen M, Bilgen M, Balgetir F (2016) Irisin immunohistochemistry in gastrointestinal system cancers. Biotech Histochem 91:242–250
pubmed: 26963139
Gannon NP, Vaughan RA, Garcia-Smith R, Bisoffi M, Trujillo KA (2015) Effects of the exercise-inducible myokine irisin on malignant and non-malignant breast epithelial cell behavior in vitro. Int J Cancer 136:E197–E202
pubmed: 25124080
Zhang D, Zhang P, Li L, Tang N, Huang F, Kong X, Tan X, Shi G (2019) Irisin functions to inhibit malignant growth of human pancreatic cancer cells via downregulation of the pi3k/akt signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 12:7243–7249
pubmed: 31564907
pmcid: 6732507
Huang C-W, Chang Y-H, Lee H-H, Wu J-Y, Huang J-X, Chung Y-H, Hsu S-T, Chow L-P, Wei K-C, Huang F-T (2020) Irisin, an exercise myokine, potently suppresses tumor proliferation, invasion, and growth in glioma. FASEB J 34:9678–9693
pubmed: 32469121
Colaianni G, Faienza MF, Sanesi L, Brunetti G, Pignataro P, Lippo L, Bortolotti S, Storlino G, Piacente L, D’Amato G, Colucci S, Grano M (2019) Irisin serum levels are positively correlated with bone mineral status in a population of healthy children. Pediatr Res 85:484–488
pubmed: 30683930
Palermo A, Strollo R, Maddaloni E, Tuccinardi D, D’Onofrio L, Briganti SI, Defeudis G, De Pascalis M, Lazzaro MC, Colleluori G, Manfrini S, Pozzilli P, Napoli N (2015) Irisin is associated with osteoporotic fractures independently of bone mineral density, body composition or daily physical activity. Clin Endocrinol 82:615–619
Anastasilakis AD, Polyzos SA, Makras P, Gkiomisi A, Bisbinas I, Katsarou A, Filippaios A, Mantzoros CS (2014) Circulating irisin is associated with osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women with low bone mass but is not affected by either teriparatide or denosumab treatment for 3 months. Osteoporos Int 25:1633–1642
pubmed: 24599275
Zhou K, Qiao X, Cai Y, Li A, Shan D (2019) Lower circulating irisin in middle-aged and older adults with osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause 26
Qiao X, Nie Y, Ma Y, Chen Y, Cheng R, Yin W, Hu Y, Xu W, Xu L (2016) Irisin promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation via activating the map kinase signaling pathways. Sci Rep 6:18732
pubmed: 26738434
Colaianni G, Cuscito C, Mongelli T, Pignataro P, Buccoliero C, Liu P, Lu P, Sartini L, Di Comite M, Mori G, Di Benedetto A, Brunetti G, Yuen T, Sun L, Reseland JE, Colucci S, New MI, Zaidi M, Cinti S, Grano M (2015) The myokine irisin increases cortical bone mass. Proc Natl Acad Sci 112:12157–12162
pubmed: 26374841
Zhu X, Li X, Wang X, Chen T, Tao F, Liu C, Tu Q, Shen G, Chen JJ (2020) Irisin deficiency disturbs bone metabolism. J Cell Physiol
Kim H, Wrann CD, Jedrychowski M, Vidoni S, Kitase Y, Nagano K, Zhou C, Chou J, Parkman V-JA, Novick SJ, Strutzenberg TS, Pascal BD, Le PT, Brooks DJ, Roche AM, Gerber KK, Mattheis L, Chen W, Tu H, Bouxsein ML, Griffin PR, Baron R, Rosen CJ, Bonewald LF, Spiegelman BM (2018) Irisin mediates effects on bone and fat via αv integrin receptors. Cell 175:1756–1768 e1717
pubmed: 30550785
pmcid: 6298040
Colaianni G, Mongelli T, Cuscito C, Pignataro P, Lippo L, Spiro G, Notarnicola A, Severi I, Passeri G, Mori G, Brunetti G, Moretti B, Tarantino U, Colucci SC, Reseland JE, Vettor R, Cinti S, Grano M (2017) Irisin prevents and restores bone loss and muscle atrophy in hind-limb suspended mice. Sci Rep 7:2811
pubmed: 28588307
pmcid: 5460172
Lee MJ, Lee SA, Nam BY, Park S, Lee SH, Ryu HJ, Kwon YE, Kim YL, Park KS, Oh HJ, Park JT, Han SH, Ryu DR, Kang SW, Yoo TH (2015) Irisin, a novel myokine is an independent predictor for sarcopenia and carotid atherosclerosis in dialysis patients. Atherosclerosis 242:476–482
pubmed: 26298738
Fox J, Rioux BV, Goulet EDB, Johanssen NM, Swift DL, Bouchard DR, Loewen H, Sénéchal M (2018) Effect of an acute exercise bout on immediate post-exercise irisin concentration in adults: a meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 28:16–28
pubmed: 28453881
Kousteni S (2012) Foxo1, the transcriptional chief of staff of energy metabolism. Bone 50:437–443
pubmed: 21816244
Graves DT, Milovanova TN (2019) Mucosal immunity and the foxo1 transcription factors. Front Immunol 10
Li Y, Ma Z, Jiang S, Hu W, Li T, Di S, Wang D, Yang Y (2017) A global perspective on foxo1 in lipid metabolism and lipid-related diseases. Prog Lipid Res 66:42–49
pubmed: 28392404
Christian F, Smith EL, Carmody RJ (2016) The regulation of nf-κb subunits by phosphorylation. Cells 5:12
pmcid: 4810097
Taniguchi K, Karin M (2018) Nf-κb, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age. Nat Rev Immunol 18:309–324
pubmed: 29379212
pmcid: 29379212
Ma J, Liu C, Yang Y, Yu J, Yang J, Yu S, Zhang J, Huang L (2018) C/ebpβ acts upstream of nf-κb p65 subunit in ox-ldl-induced il-1β production by macrophages. Cell Physiol Biochem 48:1605–1615
pubmed: 30071524
Abhari BA, McCarthy N, Agostinis P, Fulda S (2019) Nf-κb contributes to smac mimetic-conferred protection from tunicamycin-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis 24:269–277
pubmed: 30680482
Han S, Li X, Liang X, Zhou L (2019) Hoxa9 transcriptionally promotes apoptosis and represses autophagy by targeting nf-kappab in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Cells 8
Chambard J-C, Lefloch R, Pouysségur J, Lenormand P (2007) Erk implication in cell cycle regulation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Mol Cell Res 1773:1299–1310
Kim EK, Choi E-J (2010) Pathological roles of mapk signaling pathways in human diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) - Mol Basis Dis 1802:396–405
Zarubin T, Han J (2005) Activation and signaling of the p38 map kinase pathway. Cell Res 15:11–18
pubmed: 15686620
Sun Y, Liu W-Z, Liu T, Feng X, Yang N, Zhou H-F (2015) Signaling pathway of mapk/erk in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, senescence and apoptosis. J Receptors Signal Trans 35:600–604
Corcelle E, Djerbi N, Mari M, Nebout M, Fiorini C, Fenichel P, Hofman P, Poujeol P, Mograbi B (2007) Control of the autophagy maturation step by the mapk erk and p38: lessons from environmental carcinogens. Autophagy. 3:57–59
pubmed: 17102581
Junttila MR, Li S-P, Westermarck J (2008) Phosphatase-mediated crosstalk between mapk signaling pathways in the regulation of cell survival. FASEB J 22:954–965
pubmed: 18039929
Flynn JM, Melov S (2013) Sod2 in mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 62:4–12
pubmed: 23727323
Busiello RA, Savarese S, Lombardi A (2015) Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and energy metabolism. Front Physiol 6:36
pubmed: 25713540
pmcid: 4322621
Jedrychowski Mark P, Wrann Christiane D, Paulo Joao A, Gerber Kaitlyn K, Szpyt J, Robinson Matthew M, Nair KS, Gygi Steven P, Spiegelman BM (2015) Detection and quantitation of circulating human irisin by tandem mass spectrometry. Cell Metab 22:734–740
pubmed: 26278051
pmcid: 4802359
Cooke AB, Gomez YH, Daskalopoulou SS (2017) 5 years later: Irisin detection still an issue. Eur J Endocrinol 177:C1–c4
pubmed: 28710063
Albrecht E, Schering L, Buck F, Vlach K, Schober H-C, Drevon CA, Maak S (2020) Irisin: still chasing shadows. Mol Metabol 34:124–135