Spatiotemporal Trends in Opioid Overdose Deaths by Race for Counties in Ohio.
Journal
Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
ISSN: 1531-5487
Titre abrégé: Epidemiology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9009644
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 03 2021
01 03 2021
Historique:
pubmed:
5
1
2021
medline:
1
6
2021
entrez:
4
1
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The opioid epidemic continues to be an ongoing public health crisis in the United States. Initially, large increases in overdose death rates were observed in largely rural, White communities, leading to the initial perception that the opioid epidemic was primarily a problem for the White population. Recent findings have shown increasing rates of overdose death among Blacks. We compare overdose rates between Blacks and Whites and explore county-level spatiotemporal heterogeneity in Ohio. We obtained county-level opioid overdose death counts for Whites and Blacks from 2007 to 2018 in Ohio. We fit a Bayesian multivariate spatial rates model to estimate annual standardized mortality ratios for Whites and Blacks for each county. We accounted for correlation between racial groups in the same county and across space and time. We also estimated differences in the mean trends between urban and rural counties for each racial group. The overall overdose death rate in the state was increasing until 2018. County-level death rates for Whites were higher than Blacks throughout the state early in the study period. Death rates for Blacks increased throughout the study period and were comparable to the rates for Whites by the end of the study in many counties. County-level opioid overdose death rates increased faster for Blacks than Whites during the study. By 2018, death rates were comparable for Blacks and Whites in many counties. The opioid epidemic spans racial groups in Ohio and trends indicate that overdose is a growing problem among Blacks.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
The opioid epidemic continues to be an ongoing public health crisis in the United States. Initially, large increases in overdose death rates were observed in largely rural, White communities, leading to the initial perception that the opioid epidemic was primarily a problem for the White population. Recent findings have shown increasing rates of overdose death among Blacks. We compare overdose rates between Blacks and Whites and explore county-level spatiotemporal heterogeneity in Ohio.
METHODS
We obtained county-level opioid overdose death counts for Whites and Blacks from 2007 to 2018 in Ohio. We fit a Bayesian multivariate spatial rates model to estimate annual standardized mortality ratios for Whites and Blacks for each county. We accounted for correlation between racial groups in the same county and across space and time. We also estimated differences in the mean trends between urban and rural counties for each racial group.
RESULTS
The overall overdose death rate in the state was increasing until 2018. County-level death rates for Whites were higher than Blacks throughout the state early in the study period. Death rates for Blacks increased throughout the study period and were comparable to the rates for Whites by the end of the study in many counties.
CONCLUSIONS
County-level opioid overdose death rates increased faster for Blacks than Whites during the study. By 2018, death rates were comparable for Blacks and Whites in many counties. The opioid epidemic spans racial groups in Ohio and trends indicate that overdose is a growing problem among Blacks.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33394810
doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001299
pii: 00001648-202103000-00018
pmc: PMC9040314
mid: NIHMS1643382
doi:
Substances chimiques
Analgesics, Opioid
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
295-302Subventions
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : R21 DA045236
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Références
Subst Abus. 2020;41(1):35-69
pubmed: 31403903
Bayesian Anal. 2017 Mar;12(1):239-259
pubmed: 29707101
Public Health Rep. 2015 Jul-Aug;130(4):339-42
pubmed: 26345488
Int J Drug Policy. 2018 Jul;57:119-129
pubmed: 29754032
Soc Sci Med. 2020 Jun;255:113018
pubmed: 32422524
JAMA Psychiatry. 2014 Jul 1;71(7):821-6
pubmed: 24871348
Addiction. 2019 May;114(5):774-780
pubmed: 30512204
Epidemiology. 2018 Sep;29(5):707-715
pubmed: 29847496
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Sep 01;66(34):904-908
pubmed: 28859050
Epidemiol Rev. 2020 Jan 31;42(1):134-153
pubmed: 32242239
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Jan 04;67(5152):1419-1427
pubmed: 30605448
N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 14;374(2):154-63
pubmed: 26760086
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Dec 30;65(50-51):1445-1452
pubmed: 28033313
Am J Epidemiol. 1988 May;127(5):893-904
pubmed: 3282433
J Law Med Ethics. 2018 Jun;46(2):404-421
pubmed: 30146996
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 May 8;64(17):453-8
pubmed: 25950251
Am J Prev Med. 2013 Dec;45(6):e19-25
pubmed: 24237925
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016 Nov 1;73(3):323-331
pubmed: 27763996