Prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis B and D virus infections among HIV-positive individuals in Southwestern Nigeria.
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Anti-Retroviral Agents
/ therapeutic use
Child
Child, Preschool
Coinfection
/ epidemiology
Female
Genotype
HIV Infections
/ drug therapy
Hepatitis Antibodies
/ blood
Hepatitis B
/ epidemiology
Hepatitis D
/ epidemiology
Hepatitis Delta Virus
/ classification
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Mutation
Nigeria
/ epidemiology
Phylogeny
Prevalence
Young Adult
ART
Co-infection
Drug resistance
HBV
HDV
HIV
Nigeria
Journal
Virology journal
ISSN: 1743-422X
Titre abrégé: Virol J
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101231645
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
15 01 2021
15 01 2021
Historique:
received:
01
11
2019
accepted:
08
01
2021
entrez:
15
1
2021
pubmed:
16
1
2021
medline:
3
9
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Coinfections of HIV-positive individuals with Hepatitis B and D virus (HBV and HDV) are common and can be associated with rapid liver damage. Several antiretroviral drugs for HIV exhibit anti-HBV effect; however, the selection of HBV drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in individuals under HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been reported but rarely in Nigeria. In this study the HBV/HDV prevalence and HBV DRMs in HIV-positive individuals in Southwestern Nigeria were assessed. Plasma samples collected from 310 HIV-positive individuals including 295 ART-experienced and 15 ART-naïve persons attending the HIV clinic in three south-western states of Nigeria between June 2017 and August 2017 were analysed by ELISA for HBsAg and anti-HDV. The presence of HDV RNA and HBV DNA was analysed by (RT)-PCR followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses for genotyping. The HBV reverse transcription (RT) region was amplified and sequenced for the analysis of drug resistance mutations. Overall, 16.1% (n = 50/310) of the HIV-positive individuals were positive for HBsAg, most of which were ART-experienced (94.0%; n = 47/50). From the 50 HBsAg-positive samples, 72.0% (n = 36/50) were positive for HBV DNA and 16.0% (n = 8/50) had detectable HDV RNA while 5.6% (n = 2/36) of the HBV-DNA positive samples had anti-HDV total antibodies. Sequences were available for 31/36 of the HBV DNA-positive and 3/8 HDV RNA-positive samples. HBV DNA-positive samples were characterised as HBV genotype E infections exclusively, while HDV genotype 1 was detected in the HDV RNA-positive samples. HBV DRMs V173L, L180M, S202I and M204V/I, which are associated with lamivudine resistance, were detected in 32.2% (n = 10/31) of the HBV DNA-positive samples. Most of these mutations (90.0%; n = 9/10) were present in the ART-experienced cohort. This study indicates that HBV/HDV coinfections are common in HIV-positive individuals under ART in Nigeria. Furthermore, a high proportion of HBV DRMs which potentially compromise future treatment options were detected, underscoring the need for HBV screening prior to starting ART. Further studies should be performed to monitor a possible increase in the spread of HDV among populations at risk of HIV and HBV infections.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Coinfections of HIV-positive individuals with Hepatitis B and D virus (HBV and HDV) are common and can be associated with rapid liver damage. Several antiretroviral drugs for HIV exhibit anti-HBV effect; however, the selection of HBV drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in individuals under HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been reported but rarely in Nigeria. In this study the HBV/HDV prevalence and HBV DRMs in HIV-positive individuals in Southwestern Nigeria were assessed.
METHODS
Plasma samples collected from 310 HIV-positive individuals including 295 ART-experienced and 15 ART-naïve persons attending the HIV clinic in three south-western states of Nigeria between June 2017 and August 2017 were analysed by ELISA for HBsAg and anti-HDV. The presence of HDV RNA and HBV DNA was analysed by (RT)-PCR followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses for genotyping. The HBV reverse transcription (RT) region was amplified and sequenced for the analysis of drug resistance mutations.
RESULTS
Overall, 16.1% (n = 50/310) of the HIV-positive individuals were positive for HBsAg, most of which were ART-experienced (94.0%; n = 47/50). From the 50 HBsAg-positive samples, 72.0% (n = 36/50) were positive for HBV DNA and 16.0% (n = 8/50) had detectable HDV RNA while 5.6% (n = 2/36) of the HBV-DNA positive samples had anti-HDV total antibodies. Sequences were available for 31/36 of the HBV DNA-positive and 3/8 HDV RNA-positive samples. HBV DNA-positive samples were characterised as HBV genotype E infections exclusively, while HDV genotype 1 was detected in the HDV RNA-positive samples. HBV DRMs V173L, L180M, S202I and M204V/I, which are associated with lamivudine resistance, were detected in 32.2% (n = 10/31) of the HBV DNA-positive samples. Most of these mutations (90.0%; n = 9/10) were present in the ART-experienced cohort.
CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that HBV/HDV coinfections are common in HIV-positive individuals under ART in Nigeria. Furthermore, a high proportion of HBV DRMs which potentially compromise future treatment options were detected, underscoring the need for HBV screening prior to starting ART. Further studies should be performed to monitor a possible increase in the spread of HDV among populations at risk of HIV and HBV infections.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33446224
doi: 10.1186/s12985-021-01493-4
pii: 10.1186/s12985-021-01493-4
pmc: PMC7809746
doi:
Substances chimiques
Anti-Retroviral Agents
0
Hepatitis Antibodies
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
20Références
J Viral Hepat. 2008 Mar;15(3):165-72
pubmed: 18233989
J Infect. 2013 Nov;67(5):448-57
pubmed: 23796871
Antivir Ther. 2017;22(2):97-111
pubmed: 27354181
Niger J Clin Pract. 2015 Mar-Apr;18(2):163-72
pubmed: 25665986
AIDS. 2017 Sep 24;31(15):2035-2052
pubmed: 28692539
BMC Public Health. 2015 May 02;15:454
pubmed: 25933803
Pan Afr Med J. 2012;12:100
pubmed: 23133700
Virol J. 2016 Apr 05;13:61
pubmed: 27044424
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic). 2009 Jan-Feb;8(1):47-51
pubmed: 19182212
PLoS One. 2015 Jul 06;10(7):e0131912
pubmed: 26148052
PLoS One. 2013 Oct 18;8(10):e78094
pubmed: 24205106
J Hepatol. 2017 Aug;67(2):370-398
pubmed: 28427875
Intervirology. 2014;57(3-4):218-24
pubmed: 25034491
Ghana Med J. 2014 Dec;48(4):194-203
pubmed: 25709134
PLoS One. 2014 Jun 10;9(6):e99971
pubmed: 24915064
PLoS One. 2015 Aug 19;10(8):e0134539
pubmed: 26288093
Niger J Med. 2012 Jan-Mar;21(1):57-60
pubmed: 23301449
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 Jun 1;66(2):197-205
pubmed: 24694929
Antiviral Res. 2010 Dec;88(3):269-75
pubmed: 20875460
PLoS One. 2017 Jul 31;12(7):e0181836
pubmed: 28759595
JAMA. 2016 Jul 12;316(2):191-210
pubmed: 27404187
BMC Public Health. 2010 Mar 01;10:105
pubmed: 20193053
South Afr J HIV Med. 2016 May 20;17(1):336
pubmed: 29568599
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2017 Aug;16(8):923-932
pubmed: 28621159
J Med Virol. 2007 Nov;79(11):1650-4
pubmed: 17854040
Afr Health Sci. 2016 Dec;16(4):1089-1093
pubmed: 28479902
J Clin Microbiol. 2014 May;52(5):1629-36
pubmed: 24599979
Mol Biol Evol. 2016 Jul;33(7):1870-4
pubmed: 27004904
World J Hepatol. 2018 Nov 27;10(11):807-821
pubmed: 30533182