Inability of GSTT1 to activate iodinated halomethanes to mutagens in Salmonella.
Animals
Chloramines
/ adverse effects
Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane
/ adverse effects
Disinfectants
/ adverse effects
Drinking Water
/ chemistry
Glutathione Transferase
/ chemistry
Humans
Hydrocarbons, Iodinated
/ adverse effects
Mutagenesis
/ drug effects
Mutagens
/ toxicity
Rats
Salmonella
/ drug effects
Trihalomethanes
/ pharmacology
DBPs
GSTT1
disinfection by-products
drinking water
mutagenicity
Journal
Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
ISSN: 1098-2280
Titre abrégé: Environ Mol Mutagen
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8800109
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 2021
03 2021
Historique:
received:
03
12
2020
revised:
11
01
2021
accepted:
19
01
2021
pubmed:
24
1
2021
medline:
7
8
2021
entrez:
23
1
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs), including the ubiquitous trihalomethanes (THMs), are formed during the treatment of water with disinfectants (e.g., chlorine, chloramines) to produce and distribute potable water. Brominated THMs (Br-THMs) are activated to mutagens via glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1); however, iodinated THMs (I-THMs) have never been evaluated for activation by GSTT1. Among the I-THMs, only triiodomethane (iodoform) has been tested previously for mutagenicity in Salmonella and was positive (in the absence of GSTT1) in three strains (TA98, TA100, and BA13), all of which have error-prone DNA repair (pKM101). We evaluated five I-THMs (chlorodiiodomethane, dichloroiodomethane, dibromoiodomethane, bromochloroiodomethane, and triiodomethane) for mutagenicity in Salmonella strain RSJ100, which expresses GSTT1, and its homologue TPT100, which does not; neither strain has pKM101. We also evaluated chlorodiiodo-, dichloroiodo-, and dibromoiodo-methanes in strain TA100 +/- rat liver S9 mix; TA100 has pKM101. None was mutagenic in any of the strains. The I-THMs were generally more cytotoxic than their brominated and chlorinated analogues but less cytotoxic than analogous trihalonitromethanes tested previously. All five I-THMs showed similar thresholds for cytotoxicity at ~2.5 μmoles/plate, possibly due to release of iodine, a well-known antimicrobial. Although none of these I-THMs was activated by GSTT1, iodoform appears to be the only I-THM that is mutagenic in Salmonella, only in strains deficient in nucleotide excision repair (uvrB) and having pKM101. Given that only iodoform is mutagenic among the I-THMs and is generally present at low concentrations in drinking water, the I-THMs likely play little role in the mutagenicity of drinking water.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33484035
doi: 10.1002/em.22423
pmc: PMC8051615
mid: NIHMS1683029
doi:
Substances chimiques
Chloramines
0
Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane
0
Disinfectants
0
Drinking Water
0
Hydrocarbons, Iodinated
0
Mutagens
0
Trihalomethanes
0
fluorocarbon 22
75-45-6
glutathione S-transferase T1
EC 2.5.1.-
Glutathione Transferase
EC 2.5.1.18
iodoform
KXI2J76489
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
168-176Subventions
Organisme : Intramural EPA
ID : EPA999999
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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