Formulation of a recombinant HIV-1 polytope candidate vaccine with naloxone/alum mixture: induction of multi-cytokine responses with a higher regulatory mechanism.
AIDS Vaccines
/ administration & dosage
Adjuvants, Immunologic
/ administration & dosage
Alum Compounds
/ administration & dosage
Animals
Antibodies, Viral
/ immunology
Drug Compounding
Female
HIV Infections
/ immunology
HIV-1
/ immunology
Humans
Immunization
Interferon-gamma
/ genetics
Interleukins
/ genetics
Lymphocyte Activation
/ immunology
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Naloxone
/ administration & dosage
HIV-1 polytope vaccine
Naloxone (NLX)/alum mixture
Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines
adjuvant
immunoregulatory
Journal
APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica
ISSN: 1600-0463
Titre abrégé: APMIS
Pays: Denmark
ID NLM: 8803400
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2021
Aug 2021
Historique:
received:
12
07
2020
accepted:
31
01
2021
pubmed:
5
2
2021
medline:
24
8
2021
entrez:
4
2
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The potency of a vaccine highly depends upon the nature of the adjuvant used. There are a variety of ineffective vaccines, such as HIV-1 vaccine candidates, that need to be optimized with new adjuvant formulations to improve vaccine potency and efficacy. Studies show the potency of naloxone (NLX)/alum mixture in the induction of Th1/Th2 response for vaccine. However, other immunologic patterns inducing by this adjuvant and its immunoregulatory effect is unclear. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the NLX/alum mixture, as an adjuvant, on cytokine networks and immunoregulatory activity for an HIV-1 polytope vaccine. BALB/c mice were divided into six groups (n = 6) and immunized subcutaneously with 10 μg of the vaccine formulated with NLX/alum, NLX, alum, and Freund's adjuvants. At the same time, the mice in the control groups received an equal volume of PBS or NLX. The lymphocyte proliferation assay was carried out using the BrdU method. ELISA was used to measure the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-17 cytokines, total IgG, as well as IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes in serum samples. Our findings showed that mice receiving the NLX/alum-adjuvanted vaccine exhibited increased antibody levels compared with other groups. In addition, there was a considerable difference in the levels of IgG1, IgG2a, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-17 in mice receiving the NLX/alum-adjuvanted vaccine as compared with other groups. The NLX/alum mixture, as an adjuvant, may have a positive effect on the induction of multi-cytokine responses, as well as the increased level of IL-10, showing its higher immunogenicity with a higher immunoregulatory mechanism.
Substances chimiques
AIDS Vaccines
0
Adjuvants, Immunologic
0
Alum Compounds
0
Antibodies, Viral
0
Interleukins
0
aluminum sulfate
34S289N54E
Naloxone
36B82AMQ7N
Interferon-gamma
82115-62-6
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
480-488Subventions
Organisme : Pasteur Institute of Iran
ID : 595
Organisme : Islamic Azad University of Damghan
Informations de copyright
© 2021 Scandinavian Societies for Medical Microbiology and Pathology.
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