Effects of pre-operant running and sucrose concentration on operant wheel running on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement.
adjunctive behavior
automatic reinforcement
fixed interval schedule
operant wheel running
pre-operant running
rats
sucrose concentration
Journal
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
ISSN: 1938-3711
Titre abrégé: J Exp Anal Behav
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0203727
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 2021
03 2021
Historique:
revised:
01
12
2020
received:
14
07
2020
accepted:
20
12
2020
pubmed:
6
2
2021
medline:
29
10
2021
entrez:
5
2
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Prior research proposed that temporal control over the pattern of operant wheel running on a fixed interval (FI) schedule of sucrose reinforcement is a function of automatic reinforcement generated by wheel running and the experimentally arranged sucrose reinforcement. Two experiments were conducted to assess this prediction. In the first experiment, rats ran for different durations (0, 30, 60, and 180 min) prior to a session of operant wheel running on a FI 120-s schedule. In the second experiment, the concentration of sucrose reinforcement on a FI 180-s schedule was varied across values of 0, 5, 15, and 25%. In Experiment 1, as the duration of pre-operant running increased, the postreinforcement pause before initiation of running lengthened while wheel revolutions in the latter part of the FI interval increased. In Experiment 2, wheel revolutions markedly increased then decreased to a plateau early in the FI interval. Neither manipulation increased temporal control of the pattern of wheel running. Instead, results indicate that operant wheel running is regulated by automatic reinforcement generated by wheel activity and an adjunctive pattern of running induced by the temporal presentation of sucrose. Furthermore, the findings question whether the sucrose contingency regulates wheel running as a reinforcing consequence.
Substances chimiques
Sucrose
57-50-1
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
510-539Informations de copyright
© 2021 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.
Références
Baron, A., & Leinenweber, A. (1994). Molecular and molar analyses of fixed-interval performance. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 61(1), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1994.61-11
Baysari, M. T., & Boakes, R. A. (2004). Flavour aversion produced by running and attenuated by prior exposure to wheels. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B, 57(3), 273-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724990344000132
Belke, T. W. (1996). The effect of a change in body weight on running and responding reinforced by the opportunity to run. The Psychological Record, 46(3), 421-433. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395175.
Belke, T. W. (1997). Running and responding reinforced by the opportunity to run: Effect of reinforcer duration. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 67(3), 337-351. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1997.67-337.
Belke, T. W., & Dunbar, M. (1998). Effects of fixed-interval schedule and reinforcer duration on responding reinforced by the opportunity to run. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 70(1), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1998.70-69.
Belke, T. W., & Hancock, S. D. (2003). Responding for sucrose and wheel-running reinforcement: Effects of sucrose concentration and wheel-running reinforcer duration. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 79(2), 243-265. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2003.79-243.
Belke, T. W., Mann, S., & Pierce, W. D. (2015). Effects of extinction on wheel running and lever pressing as operant behaviors within a multiple schedule of reinforcement. Learning and Motivation, 52, 36-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2015.09.002
Belke, T.W., & Pierce, W.D. (2014). Effect of sucrose availability and pre-running on the intrinsic value of wheel-running as an operant and a reinforcing consequence. Behavioural Processes, 103, 35-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2013.11.010.
Belke, T. W., & Pierce, W. D. (2015). Effect of sucrose availability on wheel-running as an operant and as a reinforcing consequence on a multiple schedule: Additive effects of extrinsic and automatic reinforcement. Behavioural Processes, 116, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2015.04.011
Belke, T. W., Pierce, W. D., Fisher, A. C., & Lecocq, M. R. (2017). Reinforcement of a reinforcing behavior: Effect of sucrose concentration on wheel-running rate. Learning and Motivation, 59, 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2017.08.004
Belke, T. W., Pierce, W. D., & Welsh, T. M. (2018). Automatic reinforcement from operant wheel-running undermines temporal control by fixed-interval schedules of reinforcement. Behavioural Processes, 157, 91-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2018.09.003
Berry, M. S., Kangas, B. D., & Branch, M. N. (2012). Development of key-pecking, pause, and ambulation during extended exposure to a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 97(3), 333-346. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2012.97-333
Blomeley, F. J., Lowe, C., & Wearden, J. (2004). Reinforcer concentration effects on a fixed-interval schedule. Behavioural Processes, 67, 55-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2004.02.005
Boakes, R. A., & Dwyer, D. M. (1997). Weight loss in rats produced by running: Effects of prior experience and individual housing. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Section B, 50(2), 129-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/713932647
Bonem, M., & Crossman, E. K. (1988). Elucidating the effects of reinforcement magnitude. Psychological Bulletin, 104(3), 348-362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.104.3.348
Brush, M. E., & Schaeffer, R. W. (1974). Effects of water deprivation on schedule-induced polydipsia. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 4(2), 69-72. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03334196
Cole, M. R. (2001). The long-term effect of high-and low-rate responding histories on fixed-interval responding in rats. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 75(1), 43-54. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2001.75-43
Collier, G. H., Johnson, D. F., CyBulski, K. A., & McHale, C. A. (1990). Activity patterns in rats (Rattus norvegicus) as a function of the cost of access to four resources. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 104(1), 53-65. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.104.1.53
Dews, P. B. (1978). Studies on responding under fixed-interval schedules of reinforcement: II. The scalloped pattern of the cumulative record. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 29(1), 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-67
Eikelboom, R. (2001). Bins, bouts and wheel-running speed. Animal Behaviour, 61(3), 679-681. https://doi.org/10.0006/anbe.2000.1607
Ferster, C. B., & Skinner, B. F. (1957). Schedules of reinforcement. Appleton-Century-Croft.
Gutiérrez-Ferre, V. E., & Pellón, R. (2019). Wheel running induced by intermittent food schedules. Psicológica Journal, 40(2), 46-61. https://doi.org/10.2478/psicolj-2019-0004
Iso, H. (1996). Operant conditioning of wheel-running behavior in rats. Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology, 46(2), 41-60. https://doi.org/10.2502/janip.46.41
Killeen, P. R., & Pellón, R. (2013). Adjunctive behaviors are operants. Learning & Behavior, 41(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-012-0095-1
Lowe, C. F., Davey, G. C. L., & Harzem, P. (1974). Effects of reinforcement magnitude on interval and ratio schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 22(3), 553-560. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1974.22-553
Monroe, D. C., Holmes, P. V., Koch, L. G., Britton, S. L., & Dishman, R. K. (2014). Striatal enkephalinergic differences in rats selectively bred for intrinsic running capacity. Brain Research, 1572, 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2014.05.014.
Nakajima, S. (2016). Running induces nausea in rats: Kaolin intake generated by voluntary and forced wheel running. Appetite, 105, 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.05.009
Nakajima, S., Urata, T., & Ogawa, Y. (2006). Familiarization and cross-familiarization of wheel running and LiCl in conditioned taste aversion. Physiology & Behavior, 88(1-2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.02.006
Pierce, W. D., Belke, T. W., & Harris, A. F. (2018). Instrumental lever pressing for wheel running is a bitonic function of wheel revolutions per reinforcement: Effects of constraint and automatic reinforcement. Learning and Motivation, 64, 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2018.07.001
Ratnovsky, Y., & Neuman, P. (2011). The effect of pre-exposure and recovery type on activity-based anorexia in rats. Appetite, 56(3), 567-576. https://doi.org/10.1016/jappet.2011.01.027
Salvy, S. J., Pierce, W. D., Heth, D. C., & Russell, J. C. (2002). Pre-exposure to wheel running disrupts taste aversion conditioning. Physiology & Behavior, 76(1), 51-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00687-X
Sherwin, C. M. (1998). Voluntary wheel running: A review and novel interpretation. Animal Behaviour, 56(1), 11-27. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0836.
Skinner, B. F., 1953. Science and Human Behavior. Macmillan.
Skinner, B. F., 1957. Verbal behavior. Prentice-Hall.
Skinner, B. F. & Morse, W. H. (1958). Fixed-interval reinforcement of running in a wheel. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1(4), 371-379. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1958.1-371
Stebbins, W. C. (1962). Response latency as a function of amount of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 5(3), 305-307. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1962.5-305
Stebbins, W. C., Mead, P. B., & Martin, J. M. (1959). The relation of amount of reinforcement to performance under a fixed-interval schedule. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2(4), 351-355. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1959.2-351
Vaughn, M. E., & Michael, J. L. (1982). Automatic reinforcement: An important but ignored concept. Behaviorism 10(2), 217-227.
Weasner, M. H., Finger, F. W., & Reid, L. S. (1960). Activity changes under food reinforcement as a function of recording device. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 53(5), 470-474. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0047841
Zeiler, M. D., & Powell, D. G. (1994). Temporal control in fixed-interval schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 61(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1994.61-1