The global summit on the efficacy and effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy for the prevention and treatment of non-musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review of the literature.


Journal

Chiropractic & manual therapies
ISSN: 2045-709X
Titre abrégé: Chiropr Man Therap
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101551481

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
17 02 2021
Historique:
received: 09 07 2020
accepted: 01 01 2021
entrez: 18 2 2021
pubmed: 19 2 2021
medline: 13 8 2021
Statut: epublish

Résumé

A small proportion of chiropractors, osteopaths, and other manual medicine providers use spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) to manage non-musculoskeletal disorders. However, the efficacy and effectiveness of these interventions to prevent or treat non-musculoskeletal disorders remain controversial. We convened a Global Summit of international scientists to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine the efficacy and effectiveness of SMT for the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of non-musculoskeletal disorders. The Global Summit took place on September 14-15, 2019 in Toronto, Canada. It was attended by 50 researchers from 8 countries and 28 observers from 18 chiropractic organizations. At the summit, participants critically appraised the literature and synthesized the evidence. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, and the Index to Chiropractic Literature from inception to May 15, 2019 using subject headings specific to each database and free text words relevant to manipulation/manual therapy, effectiveness, prevention, treatment, and non-musculoskeletal disorders. Eligible for review were randomized controlled trials published in English. The methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed independently by reviewers using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria for randomized controlled trials. We synthesized the evidence from articles with high or acceptable methodological quality according to the Synthesis without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) Guideline. The final risk of bias and evidence tables were reviewed by researchers who attended the Global Summit and 75% (38/50) had to approve the content to reach consensus. We retrieved 4997 citations, removed 1123 duplicates and screened 3874 citations. Of those, the eligibility of 32 articles was evaluated at the Global Summit and 16 articles were included in our systematic review. Our synthesis included six randomized controlled trials with acceptable or high methodological quality (reported in seven articles). These trials investigated the efficacy or effectiveness of SMT for the management of infantile colic, childhood asthma, hypertension, primary dysmenorrhea, and migraine. None of the trials evaluated the effectiveness of SMT in preventing the occurrence of non-musculoskeletal disorders. Consensus was reached on the content of all risk of bias and evidence tables. All randomized controlled trials with high or acceptable quality found that SMT was not superior to sham interventions for the treatment of these non-musculoskeletal disorders. Six of 50 participants (12%) in the Global Summit did not approve the final report. Our systematic review included six randomized clinical trials (534 participants) of acceptable or high quality investigating the efficacy or effectiveness of SMT for the treatment of non-musculoskeletal disorders. We found no evidence of an effect of SMT for the management of non-musculoskeletal disorders including infantile colic, childhood asthma, hypertension, primary dysmenorrhea, and migraine. This finding challenges the validity of the theory that treating spinal dysfunctions with SMT has a physiological effect on organs and their function. Governments, payers, regulators, educators, and clinicians should consider this evidence when developing policies about the use and reimbursement of SMT for non-musculoskeletal disorders.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
A small proportion of chiropractors, osteopaths, and other manual medicine providers use spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) to manage non-musculoskeletal disorders. However, the efficacy and effectiveness of these interventions to prevent or treat non-musculoskeletal disorders remain controversial.
OBJECTIVES
We convened a Global Summit of international scientists to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine the efficacy and effectiveness of SMT for the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of non-musculoskeletal disorders.
GLOBAL SUMMIT
The Global Summit took place on September 14-15, 2019 in Toronto, Canada. It was attended by 50 researchers from 8 countries and 28 observers from 18 chiropractic organizations. At the summit, participants critically appraised the literature and synthesized the evidence.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, and the Index to Chiropractic Literature from inception to May 15, 2019 using subject headings specific to each database and free text words relevant to manipulation/manual therapy, effectiveness, prevention, treatment, and non-musculoskeletal disorders. Eligible for review were randomized controlled trials published in English. The methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed independently by reviewers using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria for randomized controlled trials. We synthesized the evidence from articles with high or acceptable methodological quality according to the Synthesis without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) Guideline. The final risk of bias and evidence tables were reviewed by researchers who attended the Global Summit and 75% (38/50) had to approve the content to reach consensus.
RESULTS
We retrieved 4997 citations, removed 1123 duplicates and screened 3874 citations. Of those, the eligibility of 32 articles was evaluated at the Global Summit and 16 articles were included in our systematic review. Our synthesis included six randomized controlled trials with acceptable or high methodological quality (reported in seven articles). These trials investigated the efficacy or effectiveness of SMT for the management of infantile colic, childhood asthma, hypertension, primary dysmenorrhea, and migraine. None of the trials evaluated the effectiveness of SMT in preventing the occurrence of non-musculoskeletal disorders. Consensus was reached on the content of all risk of bias and evidence tables. All randomized controlled trials with high or acceptable quality found that SMT was not superior to sham interventions for the treatment of these non-musculoskeletal disorders. Six of 50 participants (12%) in the Global Summit did not approve the final report.
CONCLUSION
Our systematic review included six randomized clinical trials (534 participants) of acceptable or high quality investigating the efficacy or effectiveness of SMT for the treatment of non-musculoskeletal disorders. We found no evidence of an effect of SMT for the management of non-musculoskeletal disorders including infantile colic, childhood asthma, hypertension, primary dysmenorrhea, and migraine. This finding challenges the validity of the theory that treating spinal dysfunctions with SMT has a physiological effect on organs and their function. Governments, payers, regulators, educators, and clinicians should consider this evidence when developing policies about the use and reimbursement of SMT for non-musculoskeletal disorders.

Identifiants

pubmed: 33596925
doi: 10.1186/s12998-021-00362-9
pii: 10.1186/s12998-021-00362-9
pmc: PMC7890602
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Systematic Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

8

Subventions

Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : K23 NS104211
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : L30 NS108301
Pays : United States

Commentaires et corrections

Type : ErratumIn
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn

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Auteurs

Pierre Côté (P)

Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada. pierre.cote@uoit.ca.
Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation at Ontario Tech University and CMCC, Oshawa, Canada. pierre.cote@uoit.ca.
Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. pierre.cote@uoit.ca.
IHPME, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. pierre.cote@uoit.ca.

Jan Hartvigsen (J)

Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics, Odense, Denmark.

Iben Axén (I)

Intervention & Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
ELIB - et liv i bevegelse, Oslo, Norway.

Charlotte Leboeuf-Yde (C)

Department for Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.

Melissa Corso (M)

Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada.
Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation at Ontario Tech University and CMCC, Oshawa, Canada.

Heather Shearer (H)

Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation at Ontario Tech University and CMCC, Oshawa, Canada.
IHPME, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Jessica Wong (J)

Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada.
Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation at Ontario Tech University and CMCC, Oshawa, Canada.
Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Andrée-Anne Marchand (AA)

Department de Chiropractique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada.

J David Cassidy (JD)

Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Simon French (S)

Department of Chiropractic, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.

Gregory N Kawchuk (GN)

Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

Silvano Mior (S)

Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation at Ontario Tech University and CMCC, Oshawa, Canada.
Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada.

Erik Poulsen (E)

Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.

John Srbely (J)

Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.

Carlo Ammendolia (C)

IHPME, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Rebecca MacDonald Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.

Marc-André Blanchette (MA)

Department de Chiropractique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada.

Jason W Busse (JW)

Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.

André Bussières (A)

Department de Chiropractique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada.
School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

Carolina Cancelliere (C)

Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada.
Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation at Ontario Tech University and CMCC, Oshawa, Canada.

Henrik Wulff Christensen (HW)

Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics, Odense, Denmark.

Diana De Carvalho (D)

Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.

Katie De Luca (K)

Department of Chiropractic, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.

Alister Du Rose (A)

Faculty of Life Sciences and Education University of South Wales, Cardiff, UK.

Andreas Eklund (A)

Intervention & Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Roger Engel (R)

Department of Chiropractic, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.

Guillaume Goncalves (G)

Institut Franco-Européen de Chiropraxie, Ivry-Sur-Seine, France.

Jeffrey Hebert (J)

Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.

Cesar A Hincapié (CA)

Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich & Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.

Maria Hondras (M)

Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA.

Amanda Kimpton (A)

RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.

Henrik Hein Lauridsen (HH)

Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.

Stanley Innes (S)

College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.

Anne-Laure Meyer (AL)

Institut Franco-Européen de Chiropraxie, Ivry-Sur-Seine, France.

David Newell (D)

AECC University College, Bournemouth, UK.

Søren O'Neill (S)

Department for Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Spine Center of Southern Denmark, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Middelfart, Denmark.

Isabelle Pagé (I)

Department de Chiropractique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada.

Steven Passmore (S)

Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.

Stephen M Perle (SM)

School of Chiropractic, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, USA.

Jeffrey Quon (J)

School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Mana Rezai (M)

Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation at Ontario Tech University and CMCC, Oshawa, Canada.

Maja Stupar (M)

Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada.

Michael Swain (M)

Department of Chiropractic, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.

Andrew Vitiello (A)

School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQ University, Sydney, Australia.

Kenneth Weber (K)

Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Kenneth J Young (KJ)

School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, England.

Hainan Yu (H)

Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada.
Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation at Ontario Tech University and CMCC, Oshawa, Canada.

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