Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Gene Mutations in Adult Patients Presenting With CLIPPERS-Like Syndrome.


Journal

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation
ISSN: 2332-7812
Titre abrégé: Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101636388

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
05 2021
Historique:
received: 29 09 2020
accepted: 05 01 2021
entrez: 4 3 2021
pubmed: 5 3 2021
medline: 3 11 2021
Statut: epublish

Résumé

To determine whether adult cases of Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation with Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids (CLIPPERS) may be related to familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) causes, we have screened patients with adult-onset CLIPPERS for mutations in primary HLH-associated genes. In our cohort of 36 patients fulfilling the criteria for probable or definite CLIPPERS according to the CLIPPERS-2017 criteria, we conducted a first study on 12 patients who consented to genetic testing. In these 12 patients, systemic HLH criteria were searched, and genetic analysis of 8 genes involved in primary HLH was performed. Four definite and 8 probable CLIPPERS were enrolled (n = 12). Mutations involved in HLH were identified in 2 definite and 2 probable CLIPPERS (4/12). Three of them had biallelic In our patients presenting with adult-onset CLIPPERS, one-third have HLH gene mutations. This genetic treatable condition should be searched in patients with CLIPPERS, especially in those presenting with atypical findings.

Identifiants

pubmed: 33658321
pii: 8/3/e970
doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000970
pmc: PMC7963436
pii:
doi:

Substances chimiques

Membrane Proteins 0
UNC13D protein, human 0
Perforin 126465-35-8

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.

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Auteurs

Guillaume Taieb (G)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France. taiebguillaume@gmail.com.

Elsa Kaphan (E)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

Claire Duflos (C)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

Christine Lebrun-Frénay (C)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

Valérie Rigau (V)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

Eric Thouvenot (E)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

Emeline Duhin-Gand (E)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

Romain Lefaucheur (R)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

Khe Hoang-Xuan (K)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

Sarah Coulette (S)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

Jean Christophe Ouallet (JC)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

Nicolas Menjot de Champfleur (N)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

Christine Tranchant (C)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

Capucine Picard (C)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

Mathieu Fusaro (M)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

Fernando E Sepulveda (FE)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

Pierre Labauge (P)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

Geneviève de Saint Basile (G)

From the Department of Neurology (G.T., P.L.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques (E.K.), CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (C.D.), CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier; Unité de recherche clinique côte d'azur UR2CA (URRIS) (C.L.-F.), CRCSEP Nice; Department of Pathology (V.R.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CHU Carémeau, Nîmes; Department of Neurology (E.D.-G.), CH Valenciennes; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Rouen University Hospital; APHP (K.H.-X.), Sorbonne Université, IHU, ICM, Department of Neurology Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (S.C.), CH Gonesse; Department of Neurology (J.C.O.), CHU de Bordeaux; Department of Neuroradiology (N.M.C.), CHU Montpellier, Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Department of Neurology (C.T.), CHU Strasbourg; Université de Paris (C.P., M.F., F.E.S., G.S.B.), Imagine Institute, INSERM U 1163; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires (C.P., M.F., G.S.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (F.E.S.), Paris, France.

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