Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent Subtype C gp120-MF59 in Adults.

AIDS Vaccines / immunology Adjuvants, Immunologic Adolescent Adult Canarypox virus Double-Blind Method Female Genetic Vectors HIV Infections / prevention & control HIV-1 / genetics Humans Immunization, Secondary Immunogenicity, Vaccine Male Polysorbates South Africa Squalene Treatment Failure Young Adult

Journal

The New England journal of medicine
ISSN: 1533-4406
Titre abrégé: N Engl J Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0255562

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
25 03 2021
Historique:
entrez: 24 3 2021
pubmed: 25 3 2021
medline: 2 4 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

A safe, effective vaccine is essential to eradicating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A canarypox-protein HIV vaccine regimen (ALVAC-HIV plus AIDSVAX B/E) showed modest efficacy in reducing infection in Thailand. An analogous regimen using HIV-1 subtype C virus showed potent humoral and cellular responses in a phase 1-2a trial in South Africa. Efficacy data and additional safety data were needed for this regimen in a larger population in South Africa. In this phase 2b-3 trial, we randomly assigned 5404 adults without HIV-1 infection to receive the vaccine (2704 participants) or placebo (2700 participants). The vaccine regimen consisted of injections of ALVAC-HIV at months 0 and 1, followed by four booster injections of ALVAC-HIV plus bivalent subtype C gp120-MF59 adjuvant at months 3, 6, 12, and 18. The primary efficacy outcome was the occurrence of HIV-1 infection from randomization to 24 months. In January 2020, prespecified criteria for nonefficacy were met at an interim analysis; further vaccinations were subsequently halted. The median age of the trial participants was 24 years; 70% of the participants were women. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the vaccine and placebo groups. During the 24-month follow-up, HIV-1 infection was diagnosed in 138 participants in the vaccine group and in 133 in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.81 to 1.30; P = 0.84). The ALVAC-gp120 regimen did not prevent HIV-1 infection among participants in South Africa despite previous evidence of immunogenicity. (HVTN 702 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02968849.).

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
A safe, effective vaccine is essential to eradicating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A canarypox-protein HIV vaccine regimen (ALVAC-HIV plus AIDSVAX B/E) showed modest efficacy in reducing infection in Thailand. An analogous regimen using HIV-1 subtype C virus showed potent humoral and cellular responses in a phase 1-2a trial in South Africa. Efficacy data and additional safety data were needed for this regimen in a larger population in South Africa.
METHODS
In this phase 2b-3 trial, we randomly assigned 5404 adults without HIV-1 infection to receive the vaccine (2704 participants) or placebo (2700 participants). The vaccine regimen consisted of injections of ALVAC-HIV at months 0 and 1, followed by four booster injections of ALVAC-HIV plus bivalent subtype C gp120-MF59 adjuvant at months 3, 6, 12, and 18. The primary efficacy outcome was the occurrence of HIV-1 infection from randomization to 24 months.
RESULTS
In January 2020, prespecified criteria for nonefficacy were met at an interim analysis; further vaccinations were subsequently halted. The median age of the trial participants was 24 years; 70% of the participants were women. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the vaccine and placebo groups. During the 24-month follow-up, HIV-1 infection was diagnosed in 138 participants in the vaccine group and in 133 in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.81 to 1.30; P = 0.84).
CONCLUSIONS
The ALVAC-gp120 regimen did not prevent HIV-1 infection among participants in South Africa despite previous evidence of immunogenicity. (HVTN 702 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02968849.).

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2031499 PMID: 33761206 PMC: PMC7888373
pubmed: 33761206
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2031499
pmc: PMC7888373
doi:

Substances chimiques

AIDS Vaccines 0
AIDSVAX 0
Adjuvants, Immunologic 0
MF59 oil emulsion 0
Polysorbates 0
Squalene 7QWM220FJH

Banques de données

ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT02968849']

Types de publication

Clinical Trial, Phase II Clinical Trial, Phase III Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1089-1100

Subventions

Organisme : GlaxoSmithKline
ID : PREP funding
Organisme : Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
ID : UM1AI068618
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : UM1 AI069469
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : UM1 AI068614
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : UM1 AI068618
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : UM1 AI154463
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : UM1 AI069453
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : UM1 AI068635
Pays : United States
Organisme : Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
ID : HHSN272201300033C//HHSN272201600012C
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : U01 AI068614
Pays : United States
Organisme : South African Medical Research Council
ID : NA
Organisme : Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
ID : OPP1017604

Investigateurs

Sheetal Kassim (S)
Amy Ward (A)
Graeme Meintjes (G)
Dishiki Kalonjia (D)
Nishanta Singh (N)
Nivashnee Naicker (N)
Craig Innes (C)
Philippus Kotze (P)
Maphoshane Nchabeleng (M)
Pamela Mda (P)
Thozama Dubula (T)
William Brumskine (W)
Mookho Mahlaleha (M)
Fatima Laher (F)
Erica Lazarus (E)
Modulakgotla Sebe (M)

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2021 Massachusetts Medical Society.

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Auteurs

Glenda E Gray (GE)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).
ORCID: 0000-0003-4649-1477

Linda-Gail Bekker (LG)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Fatima Laher (F)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Mookho Malahleha (M)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Mary Allen (M)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Zoe Moodie (Z)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Nicole Grunenberg (N)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Yunda Huang (Y)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Doug Grove (D)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Brittany Prigmore (B)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Jia J Kee (JJ)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

David Benkeser (D)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

John Hural (J)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Craig Innes (C)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Erica Lazarus (E)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Graeme Meintjes (G)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Nivashnee Naicker (N)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Dishiki Kalonji (D)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Maphoshane Nchabeleng (M)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Modulakgotla Sebe (M)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Nishanta Singh (N)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Philip Kotze (P)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Sheetal Kassim (S)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Thozama Dubula (T)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Vimla Naicker (V)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

William Brumskine (W)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Cleon N Ncayiya (CN)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Amy M Ward (AM)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Nigel Garrett (N)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Girisha Kistnasami (G)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Zakir Gaffoor (Z)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Pearl Selepe (P)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Philisiwe B Makhoba (PB)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Matsontso P Mathebula (MP)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Pamela Mda (P)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Tania Adonis (T)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Katlego S Mapetla (KS)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Bontle Modibedi (B)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Tricia Philip (T)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Gladys Kobane (G)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Carter Bentley (C)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Shelly Ramirez (S)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Simbarashe Takuva (S)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).
ORCID: 0000-0001-6030-2359

Megan Jones (M)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Mpho Sikhosana (M)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Millicent Atujuna (M)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Michele Andrasik (M)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Nima S Hejazi (NS)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).
ORCID: 0000-0002-7127-2789

Adrian Puren (A)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Lubbe Wiesner (L)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Sanjay Phogat (S)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Carlos Diaz Granados (C)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Marguerite Koutsoukos (M)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Olivier Van Der Meeren (O)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).
ORCID: 0000-0003-0291-743X

Susan W Barnett (SW)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Niranjan Kanesa-Thasan (N)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

James G Kublin (JG)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

M Juliana McElrath (MJ)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Peter B Gilbert (PB)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Holly Janes (H)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).

Lawrence Corey (L)

From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., Z.M., N. Grunenberg, Y.H., D.G., B.P., J.J.K., J.H., C.B., S.R., S.T., M.J., M. Sikhosana, M. Andrasik, J.G.K., M.J.M., P.B.G., H.J., L.C.), Seattle; the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (G.E.G., F.L., E.L., B.M., T.P., S.T.), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (A.P.), and Aurum Institute (C.I., M. Sebe, W.B., P.S., T.A., G. Kobane), Johannesburg, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., S.K., C.N.N., M. Atujuna), the Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (G.M., A.M.W.), and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (L.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve (M.M., K.S.M.), Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Mkgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa (M.N., M.P.M.), Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha (T.D., P.M.), the School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (S.T.), the South African Medical Research Council (G.E.G., D.K., N.S., V.N., G. Kistnasami, Z.G.) and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (N.N., N. Garrett), Durban, and Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith (P.K., P.B.M.) - all in South Africa; the Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (M. Allen), and GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rockville (N.K.-T.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (D.B.); GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA (S.W.B.); Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA (S.P., C.D.G.); GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy (S.P.); GlaxoSmithKline, Wavre (M.K.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart (O.V.D.M.) - both in Belgium; and the Graduate Group in Biostatistics and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley (N.S.H.).
ORCID: 0000-0002-2179-2436

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Mélanges complexes › Produits biologiques › Vaccins › Vaccins antiviraux › Vaccins contre le SIDA › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...
questionsmedicales.fr › Actions chimiques et utilisations › Actions pharmacologiques › Effets physiologiques des médicaments › Facteurs immunologiques › Adjuvants immunologiques › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adolescent › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...
questionsmedicales.fr › Virus › Virus à ADN › Poxviridae › Chordopoxvirinae › Avipoxvirus › Virus de la variole du canari › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › Méthodologie en recherche épidémiologique › Méthode en double aveugle › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes génétiques › Structures génétiques › Vecteurs génétiques › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...
questionsmedicales.fr › Maladies du système immunitaire › Déficits immunitaires › Infections à VIH › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...
questionsmedicales.fr › Virus › Virus à ARN › Retroviridae › Lentivirus › Lentivirus des primates › VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine) › VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1) › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...
questionsmedicales.fr › Techniques d'investigation › Techniques immunologiques › Rappel de vaccin › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes du système immunitaire › Immunogénicité des vaccins › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...
questionsmedicales.fr › Technologie, industrie et agriculture › Produits manufacturés › Matériaux biomédicaux et dentaires › Polymères › Polyéthylène glycols › Polysorbates › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...
questionsmedicales.fr › Régions géographiques › Afrique › Afrique subsaharienne › Afrique australe › République d'Afrique du Sud › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...
questionsmedicales.fr › Composés chimiques organiques › Hydrocarbures › Terpènes › Triterpènes › Squalène › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...
questionsmedicales.fr › Qualité, accès, évaluation des soins de santé › Qualité des soins de santé › Mécanismes d'évaluation des soins de santé › Évaluation des résultats et des processus en soins de santé › Évaluation de résultat (soins) › Résultat thérapeutique › Échec thérapeutique › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Jeune adulte › Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent...