The longer the antithyroid drug is used, the lower the relapse rate in Graves' disease: a retrospective multicenter cohort study in Korea.
Antithyroid agents
Grave’s disease
Hyperthyroidism
Recurrence
Treatment outcome
Journal
Endocrine
ISSN: 1559-0100
Titre abrégé: Endocrine
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9434444
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 2021
10 2021
Historique:
received:
30
12
2020
accepted:
03
04
2021
pubmed:
17
4
2021
medline:
26
10
2021
entrez:
16
4
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Current literature suggests 12-18 months of antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment for patients with Graves' disease, but the risk of relapse is high. Although some studies reported better outcomes of long-term ATD treatment, recent data that suggest the optimal treatment duration are limited. We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of 908 patients newly diagnosed with Graves' disease between 2006 and 2013. The relapse rate according to ATD treatment duration was analyzed. After initial ATD treatment, 338 patients (37.2%) had relapsed. The relapse rate according to ATD treatment duration was 42.4% at 1 year, 38.5% at 2 years, 33.8% at 3 years, 31.7% at 4 years, 30.2% at 5 years, 27.8% at 6 years, and 19.1% at more than 6 years, respectively, demonstrating a significant decreasing trend (p = 0.003). In a multivariable Cox regression analysis, ATD treatment duration was an independent risk factor for relapse (p = 0.043). The longer that ATD therapy is used, the lower the relapse rate is in patients with Graves' disease. Long-term ATD treatment may be considered in Graves' patients who do not show complications or an economic burden from hyperthyroidism.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33860431
doi: 10.1007/s12020-021-02725-x
pii: 10.1007/s12020-021-02725-x
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antithyroid Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
120-127Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Références
I. Klein, D.V. Becker, G.S. Levey, Treatment of hyperthyroid disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 121(4), 281–288 (1994). https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-4-199408150-00010
doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-121-4-199408150-00010
pubmed: 7518659
T. Konishi, Y. Okamoto, M. Ueda, Y. Fukuda, I. Harusato, Y. Tsukamoto, N. Hamada, Drug discontinuation after treatment with minimum maintenance dose of an antithyroid drug in Graves’ disease: a retrospective study on effects of treatment duration with minimum maintenance dose on lasting remission. Endocr. J. 58(2), 95–100 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.k10e-262
doi: 10.1507/endocrj.k10e-262
pubmed: 21206137
D.S. Ross, H.B. Burch, D.S. Cooper, M.C. Greenlee, P. Laurberg, A.L. Maia, S.A. Rivkees, M. Samuels, J.A. Sosa, M.N. Stan, M.A. Walter, 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid 26(10), 1343–1421 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2016.0229
doi: 10.1089/thy.2016.0229
pubmed: 27521067
pmcid: 27521067
G.J. Kahaly, L. Bartalena, L. Hegedus, L. Leenhardt, K. Poppe, S.H. Pearce, 2018 European Thyroid Association Guideline for the management of Graves’ hyperthyroidism. Eur. Thyroid J. 7(4), 167–186 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1159/000490384
doi: 10.1159/000490384
pubmed: 30283735
pmcid: 6140607
P. Abraham, A. Avenell, C.M. Park, W.A. Watson, J.S. Bevan, A systematic review of drug therapy for Graves’ hyperthyroidism. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 153(4), 489–498 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.01993
doi: 10.1530/eje.1.01993
pubmed: 16189168
P. Abraham, A. Avenell, S.C. McGeoch, L.F. Clark, J.S. Bevan, Antithyroid drug regimen for treating Graves’ hyperthyroidism. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (1), Cd003420 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003420.pub4
F. Azizi, R. Malboosbaf, Long-term antithyroid drug treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thyroid 27(10), 1223–1231 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2016.0652
doi: 10.1089/thy.2016.0652
pubmed: 28699478
O.E. Okosieme, P.N. Taylor, C. Evans, D. Thayer, A. Chai, I. Khan, M.S. Draman, B. Tennant, J. Geen, A. Sayers, R. French, J.H. Lazarus, L.D. Premawardhana, C.M. Dayan, Primary therapy of Graves’ disease and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: a linked-record cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 7(4), 278–287 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30059-2
doi: 10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30059-2
pubmed: 30827829
R.V. Garcia-Mayor, C. Paramo, R. Luna Cano, L.F. Perez Mendez, J.C. Galofre, A. Andrade, Antithyroid drug and Graves’ hyperthyroidism. Significance of treatment duration and TRAb determination on lasting remission. J. Endocrinol. Investig. 15(11), 815–820 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03348811
doi: 10.1007/bf03348811
D. Maugendre, A. Gatel, L. Campion, C. Massart, I. Guilhem, Y. Lorcy, J. Lescouarch, J.Y. Herry, H. Allannic, Antithyroid drugs and Graves’ disease-prospective randomized assessment of long-term treatment. Clin. Endocrinol. 50(1), 127–132 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00629.x
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00629.x
T.J. Smith, L. Hegedus, Graves’ disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 375(16), 1552–1565 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1510030
doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1510030
pubmed: 27797318
B. Goichot, S. Bouée, C. Castello-Bridoux, P. Caron, Survey of clinical practice patterns in the management of 992 hyperthyroid patients in France. Eur. Thyroid J. 6(3), 152–159 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1159/000453260
doi: 10.1159/000453260
pubmed: 28785542
pmcid: 5527196
R. Negro, R. Attanasio, F. Grimaldi, R. Guglielmi, E. Papini, A 2015 Italian survey of clinical practice patterns in the management of Graves’ disease: comparison with European and North American surveys. Eur. Thyroid J. 5(2), 112–119 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1159/000444482
doi: 10.1159/000444482
pubmed: 27493885
pmcid: 4949368
E. Mazza, M. Carlini, D. Flecchia, A. Blatto, O. Zuccarini, S. Gamba, S. Beninati, M. Messina, Long-term follow-up of patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease treated with methimazole. Comparison of usual treatment schedule with drug discontinuation vs continuous treatment with low methimazole doses: a retrospective study. J. Endocrinol. Investig. 31(10), 866–872 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03346433
doi: 10.1007/bf03346433
T. Kashiwai, Y. Hidaka, T. Takano, K.I. Tatsumi, Y. Izumi, Y. Shimaoka, H. Tada, K. Takeoka, N. Amino, Practical treatment with minimum maintenance dose of anti-thyroid drugs for prediction of remission in Graves’ disease. Endocr. J. 50(1), 45–49 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.50.45
doi: 10.1507/endocrj.50.45
pubmed: 12733708
G.H. Seo, S.W. Kim, J.H. Chung, Incidence & prevalence of hyperthyroidism and preference for therapeutic modalities in Korea. J. Korean Thyroid Assoc. 6(1), 5656–63 (2013)
doi: 10.11106/jkta.2013.6.1.56
K.H. Yi, J.H. Moon, I.-J. Kim, H.-S. Bom, J. Lee, W.Y. Chung, J.H. Chung, Y.K. Shong, The diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism consensus–report of the Korean Thyroid Association. J. Korean Thyroid Assoc. 6(1), 1–11 (2013)
doi: 10.11106/jkta.2013.6.1.1
L. Elbers, M. Mourits, W. Wiersinga, Outcome of very long-term treatment with antithyroid drugs in Graves’ hyperthyroidism associated with Graves’ orbitopathy. Thyroid 21(3), 279–283 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2010.0181
doi: 10.1089/thy.2010.0181
pubmed: 21190446
F. Azizi, M. Takyar, E. Madreseh, A. Amouzegar, Long-term methimazole therapy in Juvenile Graves’ disease: a randomized trial. Pediatrics 143(5) (2019). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3034
F. Azizi, A. Amouzegar, M. Tohidi, M. Hedayati, D. Khalili, L. Cheraghi, Y. Mehrabi, M. Takyar, Increased remission rates after long-term methimazole therapy in patients with Graves’ disease: results of a randomized clinical trial. Thyroid 29(9), 1192–1200 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2019.0180
doi: 10.1089/thy.2019.0180
pubmed: 31310160
P. Anagnostis, F. Adamidou, S.A. Polyzos, S. Katergari, E. Karathanasi, C. Zouli, A. Panagiotou, M. Kita, Predictors of long-term remission in patients with Graves’ disease: a single center experience. Endocrine 44(2), 448–453 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-013-9895-0
doi: 10.1007/s12020-013-9895-0
pubmed: 23397523
E. Masiello, G. Veronesi, D. Gallo, P. Premoli, E. Bianconi, S. Rosetti, C. Cusini, J. Sabatino, S. Ippolito, E. Piantanida, M.L. Tanda, L. Chiovato, W.M. Wiersinga, L. Bartalena, Antithyroid drug treatment for Graves’ disease: baseline predictive models of relapse after treatment for a patient-tailored management. J. Endocrinol. Investig. 41(12), 1425–1432 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-018-0918-9
doi: 10.1007/s40618-018-0918-9
X.G. Vos, E. Endert, A.H. Zwinderman, J.G. Tijssen, W.M. Wiersinga, Predicting the risk of recurrence before the start of antithyroid drug therapy in patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 101(4), 1381–1389 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-3644
doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3644
pubmed: 26863422
H. Shi, R. Sheng, Y. Hu, X. Liu, L. Jiang, Z. Wang, D. Cui, Risk factors for the relapse of Graves’ disease treated with antithyroid drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Ther. 42(4), 662–675.e664 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.01.022
doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.01.022
pubmed: 32139177
R.V. García-Mayor, P. Álvarez-Vázquez, E. Fluiters, D. Valverde, A. Andrade, Long-term remission following antithyroid drug withdrawal in patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism: parameters with prognostic value. Endocrine 63(2), 316–322 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-018-1785-z
doi: 10.1007/s12020-018-1785-z
pubmed: 30334140
P. Laurberg, Remission of Graves’ disease during anti-thyroid drug therapy. Time to reconsider the mechanism? Eur. J. Endocrinol. 155(6), 783–786 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02295
doi: 10.1530/eje.1.02295
pubmed: 17132745
K.W. Wenzel, J.R. Lente, Similar effects of thionamide drugs and perchlorate on thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins in Graves’ disease: evidence against an immunosuppressive action of thionamide drugs. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 58(1), 62–69 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-58-1-62
doi: 10.1210/jcem-58-1-62
pubmed: 6196375
O. Törring, L. Tallstedt, G. Wallin, G. Lundell, J.G. Ljunggren, A. Taube, M. Sääf, B. Hamberger, Graves’ hyperthyroidism: treatment with antithyroid drugs, surgery, or radioiodine-a prospective, randomized study. Thyroid Study Group. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81(8), 2986–2993 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.81.8.8768863
doi: 10.1210/jcem.81.8.8768863
pubmed: 8768863
S. Côté-Bigras, V. Tran, S. Turcotte, M. Rola-Pleszczynski, J. Verreault, D. Rottembourg, Impaired immune regulation after radioiodine therapy for Graves’ disease and the protective effect of Methimazole. Endocrine 52(3), 587–596 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-015-0832-2
doi: 10.1007/s12020-015-0832-2
pubmed: 26701678
R.S. Rittmaster, E.C. Abbott, R. Douglas, M.L. Givner, L. Lehmann, S. Reddy, S.R. Salisbury, A.H. Shlossberg, M.H. Tan, S.E. York, Effect of methimazole, with or without L-thyroxine, on remission rates in Graves’ disease. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83(3), 814–818 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.3.4613
doi: 10.1210/jcem.83.3.4613
pubmed: 9506733
I. Kruljac, D. Solter, A.M. Vrkljan, M. Solter, Remission of Graves’ disease is not related to early restoration of euthyroidism with high-dose methimazole therapy. Endocr. Res. 40(1), 25–28 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3109/07435800.2014.914038
doi: 10.3109/07435800.2014.914038
pubmed: 24833206
P. Laurberg, G. Wallin, L. Tallstedt, M. Abraham-Nordling, G. Lundell, O. Tørring, TSH-receptor autoimmunity in Graves’ disease after therapy with anti-thyroid drugs, surgery, or radioiodine: a 5-year prospective randomized study. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 158(1), 69–75 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-07-0450
doi: 10.1530/eje-07-0450
pubmed: 18166819
S. Kautbally, O. Alexopoulou, C. Daumerie, F. Jamar, M. Mourad, D. Maiter, Greater efficacy of total thyroidectomy versus radioiodine therapy on hyperthyroidism and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin levels in patients with Graves’ disease previously treated with antithyroid drugs. Eur. Thyroid J. 1(2), 122–128 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1159/000339473
doi: 10.1159/000339473
pubmed: 24783007
pmcid: 3821471
Y.J. Chung, B.W. Lee, J.Y. Kim, J.H. Jung, Y.K. Min, M.S. Lee, M.K. Lee, K.W. Kim, J.H. Chung, Continued suppression of serum TSH level may be attributed to TSH receptor antibody activity as well as the severity of thyrotoxicosis and the time to recovery of thyroid hormone in treated euthyroid Graves’ patients. Thyroid 16(12), 1251–1257 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2006.16.1251
doi: 10.1089/thy.2006.16.1251
pubmed: 17199435
R. Volpé, The immunomodulatory effects of anti-thyroid drugs are mediated via actions on thyroid cells, affecting thyrocyte-immunocyte signalling: a review. Curr. Pharm. Des. 7(6), 451–460 (2001). https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612013397898
doi: 10.2174/1381612013397898
pubmed: 11281852
F. Azizi, R. Malboosbaf, Safety of long-term antithyroid drug treatment? A systematic review. J. Endocrinol. Investig. 42(11), 1273–1283 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-019-01054-1
doi: 10.1007/s40618-019-01054-1
C.M. Riguetto, A.M. Neto, M.A. Tambascia, D.E. Zantut-Wittmann, The relationship between quality of life, cognition, and thyroid status in Graves’ disease. Endocrine 63(1), 87–93 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-018-1733-y
doi: 10.1007/s12020-018-1733-y
pubmed: 30173328
P. Miccoli, M.N. Minuto, R. Paggini, P. Rucci, A. Oppo, G. Donatini, F. Golia, L. Novelli, M. Carlini, L. Dell’Osso, The impact of thyroidectomy on psychiatric symptoms and quality of life. J. Endocrinol. Investig. 30(10), 853–859 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03349227
doi: 10.1007/bf03349227
K.W. Choi, Y. Kim, M. Fava, D. Mischoulon, E.J. Na, S.W. Kim, M.H. Shin, M.K. Chung, H.J. Jeon, Increased morbidity of major depressive disorder after thyroidectomy: a nationwide population-based study in South Korea. Thyroid 29(12), 1713–1722 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2019.0091
doi: 10.1089/thy.2019.0091
pubmed: 31422760
E. Stokhuijzen, A.F. van der Steeg, E.J. Nieveen van Dijkum, H.M. van Santen, A.S. van Trotsenburg, Quality of life and clinical outcome after thyroid surgery in children: a 13 years single center experience. J. Pediatr. Surg. 50(10), 1701–1706 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.02.067
doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.02.067
pubmed: 25805004
H.B. Burch, K.D. Burman, D.S. Cooper, A 2011 survey of clinical practice patterns in the management of Graves’ disease. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97(12), 4549–4558 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-2802
doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-2802
pubmed: 23043191