Demographic, clinical, and biochemical predictors of pica in a large cohort of blood donors.
Adolescent
Adult
Biomarkers
Blood Cell Count
Blood Donors
Body Mass Index
Connecticut
/ epidemiology
Disease Susceptibility
Erythrocyte Indices
Ethnicity
/ statistics & numerical data
Feeding Behavior
Female
Ferritins
/ analysis
Humans
Ice
Iron Deficiencies
Male
Middle Aged
Pennsylvania
/ epidemiology
Pica
/ epidemiology
Racial Groups
/ statistics & numerical data
Sensitivity and Specificity
Surveys and Questionnaires
Wisconsin
/ epidemiology
Young Adult
blood donor
iron deficiency
pica
Journal
Transfusion
ISSN: 1537-2995
Titre abrégé: Transfusion
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0417360
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 2021
07 2021
Historique:
revised:
29
03
2021
received:
22
02
2021
accepted:
29
03
2021
pubmed:
30
4
2021
medline:
14
8
2021
entrez:
29
4
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Pica is characterized as repeatedly eating or chewing a non-nutritious substance including, but not limited to ice, clay and dirt, starch, raw pasta, chalk, coal, paint, or paper. Pica symptoms can be intense and addiction-like and disrupt quality of life. It is strongly linked to iron deficiency. Since substantial iron loss occurs during blood donation, blood donors may be susceptible to development of pica behaviors. We investigated demographic, clinical, hematological, and biochemical factors associated with pica using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis in a cohort of 11,418 racially diverse blood donors. Pica was defined by questionnaire responses as consuming at least 8 oz of ice daily and/or consumption of non-ice substances regardless of the amount and frequency. Pica was present in 2.2% of the donors. The sensitivity and specificity of pica in iron-deficient donors were 36% and 82%, respectively. Lower ferritin (p = .001), non-Asian race (p < .001), higher red cell distribution width (p < .001), younger age, and restless legs syndrome (p = .008) were independently associated with pica. Female sex is associated with iron deficiency but was not an independent predictor of pica suggesting that iron deficient males and females were equally susceptible to the development of pica behaviors. Donors with normal ferritin levels also reported pica, reinforcing the role of non-iron related factors in its presentation. We have identified demographic, clinical, and biochemical predictors of pica that help identify those most at risk for developing pica behaviors, and thereby assist in its clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Pica is characterized as repeatedly eating or chewing a non-nutritious substance including, but not limited to ice, clay and dirt, starch, raw pasta, chalk, coal, paint, or paper. Pica symptoms can be intense and addiction-like and disrupt quality of life. It is strongly linked to iron deficiency. Since substantial iron loss occurs during blood donation, blood donors may be susceptible to development of pica behaviors.
METHODS
We investigated demographic, clinical, hematological, and biochemical factors associated with pica using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis in a cohort of 11,418 racially diverse blood donors. Pica was defined by questionnaire responses as consuming at least 8 oz of ice daily and/or consumption of non-ice substances regardless of the amount and frequency.
RESULTS
Pica was present in 2.2% of the donors. The sensitivity and specificity of pica in iron-deficient donors were 36% and 82%, respectively. Lower ferritin (p = .001), non-Asian race (p < .001), higher red cell distribution width (p < .001), younger age, and restless legs syndrome (p = .008) were independently associated with pica. Female sex is associated with iron deficiency but was not an independent predictor of pica suggesting that iron deficient males and females were equally susceptible to the development of pica behaviors. Donors with normal ferritin levels also reported pica, reinforcing the role of non-iron related factors in its presentation.
CONCLUSIONS
We have identified demographic, clinical, and biochemical predictors of pica that help identify those most at risk for developing pica behaviors, and thereby assist in its clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33913181
doi: 10.1111/trf.16409
pmc: PMC8571648
mid: NIHMS1752553
doi:
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers
0
Ice
0
Ferritins
9007-73-2
Types de publication
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2090-2098Subventions
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : HHSN268201100001I
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : 00007I
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : 00003I
Pays : United States
Organisme : Yale University
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : 00009I
Pays : United States
Organisme : VA
Pays : United States
Organisme : University of British Columbia
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : 00002I
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : 00008I
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : 00005I
Pays : United States
Organisme : American Red Cross
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : HHSN2682011-00001I
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
Pays : United States
Organisme : School of Medicine
Organisme : University of California, San Francisco
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : 00006I
Pays : United States
Organisme : Blood Systems Research Institute
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : HHSN268201100003I
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : 00004I
Pays : United States
Organisme : WHI NIH HHS
ID : HHSN268201100001C
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2021 AABB.
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