The Emerging Clinical Role of Spermine in Prostate Cancer.
biomarker
cancer metabolism
polyamine
prostate cancer
spermine
Journal
International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
Titre abrégé: Int J Mol Sci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101092791
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
22 Apr 2021
22 Apr 2021
Historique:
received:
21
03
2021
revised:
19
04
2021
accepted:
19
04
2021
entrez:
30
4
2021
pubmed:
1
5
2021
medline:
15
5
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Spermine, a member of polyamines, exists in all organisms and is essential for normal cell growth and function. It is highly expressed in the prostate compared with other organs and is detectable in urine, tissue, expressed prostatic secretions, and erythrocyte. A significant reduction of spermine level was observed in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue compared with benign prostate tissue, and the level of urinary spermine was also significantly lower in men with PCa. Decreased spermine level may be used as an indicator of malignant phenotype transformation from normal to malignant tissue in prostate. Studies targeting polyamines and key rate-limiting enzymes associated with spermine metabolism as a tool for PCa therapy and chemoprevention have been conducted with various polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors and polyamine analogues. The mechanism between spermine and PCa development are possibly related to the regulation of polyamine metabolism, cancer-driving pathways, oxidative stress, anticancer immunosurveillance, and apoptosis regulation. Although the specific mechanism of spermine in PCa development is still unclear, ongoing research in spermine metabolism and its association with PCa pathophysiology opens up new opportunities in the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of spermine in PCa management.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33922247
pii: ijms22094382
doi: 10.3390/ijms22094382
pmc: PMC8122740
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antineoplastic Agents
0
Spermine
2FZ7Y3VOQX
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
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