The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Manipulating the Immunological Response of Tumor Microenvironment.
Animals
Biomarkers
Disease Susceptibility
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Extracellular Matrix
/ immunology
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Immunity
Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating
/ immunology
NF-kappa B
Neoplasms
/ etiology
Signal Transduction
Tumor Microenvironment
/ immunology
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
/ metabolism
Tumor-Associated Macrophages
/ immunology
extracellular matrix
interstitial fluid pressure
transforming growth factor beta
tumor microenvironment
tumor necrosis factor-α
Journal
Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
Titre abrégé: Front Immunol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101560960
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
21
01
2021
accepted:
07
04
2021
entrez:
14
5
2021
pubmed:
15
5
2021
medline:
30
9
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an intricate system within solid neoplasms. In this review, we aim to provide an updated insight into the TME with a focus on the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on its various components and the use of TNF-α to improve the efficiency of drug delivery. The TME comprises the supporting structure of the tumor, such as its extracellular matrix and vasculature. In addition to cancer cells and cancer stem cells, the TME contains various other cell types, including pericytes, tumor-associated fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells. These cells produce signaling molecules such as growth factors, cytokines, hormones, and extracellular matrix proteins. This review summarizes the intricate balance between pro-oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions that various non-tumor cells within the TME exert. We focused on the interaction between tumor cells and immune cells in the TME that plays an essential role in regulating the immune response, tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. The multifunctional cytokine, TNF-α, plays essential roles in diverse cellular events within the TME. The uses of TNF-α in cancer treatment and to facilitate cancer drug delivery are discussed. The effects of TNF-α on tumor neovasculature and tumor interstitial fluid pressure that improve treatment efficacy are summarized.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33986746
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656908
pmc: PMC8110933
doi:
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers
0
NF-kappa B
0
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
656908Subventions
Organisme : Intramural NIH HHS
ID : ZIA BC011286
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Laha, Grant, Mishra and Nilubol.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be constructed as a potential conflict of interest. The handling editor declared a shared affiliation with the authors at the time of the review.
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