How decision-making about euthanasia for animals is taught to Australasian veterinary students.
animals
decision-making
education
ethics
euthanasia
veterinary
welfare
Journal
Australian veterinary journal
ISSN: 1751-0813
Titre abrégé: Aust Vet J
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0370616
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2021
Aug 2021
Historique:
revised:
24
04
2021
received:
04
03
2021
accepted:
25
04
2021
pubmed:
19
5
2021
medline:
7
8
2021
entrez:
18
5
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
This study set out to explore how euthanasia decision-making for animals was taught to students in eight Australasian veterinary schools. A questionnaire-style interview guide was used by a representative at each university to interview educators. Educators were interviewed about their teaching of euthanasia decision-making for four categories of animals: livestock, equine, companion and avian/wildlife. Using thematic analysis, the terms provided by participants to describe how (mode of teaching) and what (specific content) they taught to students were categorised. Information about content was categorised into human-centred factors that influence decision-making, and animal-based indicators used to directly inform decision-making. All eight representatives reported some teaching relevant to euthanasia decision-making at their university for livestock, companion animal and avian/wildlife. One representative reported no such teaching for equid animals at their university. Observation of a euthanasia case was rarely reported as a teaching method. Five universities reported multiple modes of teaching relevant information, while two universities made use of modalities that could be described as opportunistic teaching (e.g., 'Discussion of clinical cases'). Factors taught at most universities included financial considerations, and that it is the owner's decision to make, while animal-based indicators taught included QoL/animal welfare, prognosis and behaviour change. Overall, most universities used a variety of methods to cover relevant material, usually including lectures and several other approaches for all animal types. However, because two universities relied on presentation of clinical cases, not all students at these veterinary schools will be exposed to make, or assist in making, euthanasia decisions.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
334-343Informations de copyright
© 2021 Australian Veterinary Association.
Références
Hewson CJ How might veterinarians do more for animal welfare? Can Vet J-Revue Vet Can 2003;44:1000-1004.
Morton DB A commentary on the animal welfare symposium, with possible actions. J Vet Med Educ 2010;37:107-113.
Yeates JW Maximising canine welfare in veterinary practice and research: a review. Vet J 2012;192:272-278.
Persson K, Selter F, Neitzke G et al. Philosophy of a “good death” in small animals and consequences for euthanasia in animal law and veterinary practice. Animals 2020;10:1-14.
Yeates J. Animal welfare in veterinary practice. Ames, Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.
Morris P. Blue juice: euthanasia in veterinary medicine. Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 2012.
Leary SUW, Anthony R, Cartner S et al. AVMA guidelines for the euthanasia of animals: 2020 edition. Schaumburg, American Veterinary Medical Association, 2020.
Tinga CE, Adams CL, Bonnett BN et al. Survey of veterinary technical and professional skills in students and recent graduates of a veterinary college. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;219:924-931.
Tannenbaum J Veterinary medical ethics: A focus of conflicting interests. J Soc Issues 1993;49:143-156.
Goldberg K Veterinary hospice and palliative care: a comprehensive review of the literature. Vet Rec 2016;178:369-374.
Kemp HR, Jacobs N, Stewart S The lived experience of companion-animal loss: A systematic review of qualitative studies. Anthrozoos 2016;29:533-557.
Sandøe P, Corr S, Palmer C. Companion animal ethics. Oxford, UFAW, 2016.
Knesl O, Hart B, Fine A et al. Veterinarians and humane endings: when is it the right time to euthanize a companion animal? Front Vet Sci 2017;4:1-7.
Grimm H, Bergadano A, Musk G et al. Drawing the line in clinical treatment of companion animals: recommendations from an ethics working party. Vet Rec 2018;182:664.
Shaw JR, Lagoni L End-of-life communication in veterinary medicine: Delivering bad news and euthanasia decision making. Vet Clinics North Am-Small Anim Pract 2007;37:95-108.
Matte AR, Khosa DK, Coe JB et al. Impacts of the process and decision-making around companion animal euthanasia on veterinary wellbeing. Vet Rec 2019;185:1-6.
Magalhaes-Sant'Ana M Ethics teaching in European veterinary schools: a qualitative case study. Vet Rec 2014;175:592-597.
Magalhaes-Sant'Ana M, Lassen J, Millar KM et al. Examining why ethics is taught to veterinary students: a qualitative study of veterinary educators’ perspectives. J Vet Med Educ 2014;41:350-357.
Morton DB, Sant'ana MM, Ohl F et al. FVE & EAEVE report on European veterinary education in animal welfare science, ethics and law. Joint publication of the Federation of Veterinarians of Europe and the European Association of Establishments of Veterinary Education, 2013.
Wright TA, Bonett DG Job satisfaction and psychological well-being as nonadditive predictors of workplace turnover. J Manage 2007;33:141-160.
Black AF, Winefield HR, Chur-Hansen A Occupational stress in veterinary nurses: Roles of the work environment and own companion animal. Anthrozoös 2011;24:191-202.
Cake MA, Bell MA, Williams JC et al. Which professional (non-technical) competencies are most important to the success of graduate veterinarians? A best evidence medical education (BEME) systematic review: BEME guide no. 38. Med Teach 2016;38:550-563.
Anonymous, Australasian Veterinary Boards Council Inc. Program accreditation. 2020. Available at: https://avbc.asn.au/veterinary-education/program-accreditation/. Accessed 3 March 2021.
Anonymous. COE accreditation policies and procedures: requirements. Available at: https://www.avma.org/education/accreditation/colleges/coe-accreditation-policies-and-procedures-requirements. 2020. Accessed 22 February 2020.
Anonymous. Accreditation standards. 2021. Available at: https://www.rcvs.org.uk/setting-standards/accrediting-primary-qualifications/accrediting-veterinary-degrees/accreditation-standards/. Accessed 3 March 2021.
Anonymous. Clinical procedures checklists. 2016. Available at: https://www.rcvs.org.uk/document-library/pdp-competences-checklist/. Accessed 22 March 2017.
Main DCJ, Thornton P, Kerr K Teaching animal welfare science, ethics, and law to veterinary students in the United Kingdom. J Vet Med Educ 2005;32:505-508.
Littlewood KE, Beausoleil NJ, Stafford KJ et al. Exploring how end-of-life management is taught to Australasian veterinary students. Part 1: technical euthanasia. Vet Rec 2018;183:1-10.
Littlewood KE, Beausoleil NJ, Stafford KJ et al. How management of grief associated with ending the life of an animal is taught to Australasian veterinary students. Aust Vet J 2020;98:356-363.
Dickinson GE, Roof KW, Roof PD et al. UK veterinarians’ experiences with euthanasia. Vet Rec 2014;175:174-175.
Dickinson GE, Roof PD, Roof KW End-of-life issues in United States veterinary medicine schools. Soc Anim 2010;18:152-162.
Cohen-Salter C, Folmer-Brown S, Hogrefe KM et al. A model euthanasia workshop: one class's experience at Tufts University. J Vet Med Educ 2004;31:72-75.
Shivley CB, Garry FB, Kogan LR et al. Survey of animal welfare, animal behavior, and animal ethics courses in the curricula of AVMA Council on education-accredited veterinary colleges and schools. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016;248:1165-1170.
Bath D, Smith C, Stein S et al. Beyond mapping and embedding graduate attributes: bringing together quality assurance and action learning to create a validated and living curriculum. Higher Educ Res Dev 2004;23:313-328.
Charles C, Gafni A, Whelan T Shared decision-making in the medical encounter: what does it mean? (or it take at least two to tango). Soc Sci Med 1997;44:681-692.
Onwuegbuzie AJ, Leech NL A typology of errors and myths perpetuated in educational research textbooks. Curr Issues Educ 2005;8:1-13.
Polkinghorne DE Language and meaning: Data collection in qualitative research. J Couns Psychol 2005;52:137-145.
Lyons AC. Approaches to collecting data. In: Rohleder P, Lyons AC, editors. Qualitative research in clinical and health psychology. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2015;74-95.
Moon K, Blackman D A guide to understanding social science research for natural scientists. Conserv Biol 2014;28:1167-1177.
Braun V, Clarke V Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol 2006;3:77-101.
Hart LA, Hart BL, Mader B Humane euthanasia and companion animal death: Caring for the animal, the client, and the veterinarian. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990;197:1292-1299.
Dickinson GE, Roof PD, Roof KW A curvey of veterinarians in the US: Euthanasia and other end-of-life issues. Anthrozoos 2011;24:167-174.
Tatlock S, Gober M, Williamson N et al. Development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of an owner-completed measure of feline quality of life. Vet J 2017;228:22-32.
Vols KK, Heden MA, Kristensen AT et al. Quality of life assessment in dogs and cats receiving chemotherapy - a review of current methods. Vet Comp Oncol 2017;15:684-691.
Giuffrida MA, Brown DC, Ellenberg SS et al. Development and psychometric testing of the canine owner-reported quality of life questionnaire, an instrument designed to measure quality of life in dogs with cancer. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018;252:1073-1083.
Mellor DJ, Beausoleil NJ, Littlewood KE et al. The 2020 five domains model: including human-animal interactions in assessments of animal welfare. Animals 2020;10:1-24.
Anonymous. Farm animal welfare in Great Britain: Past, present and future. London, Farm Animal Welfare Council, 2009.
Reid J, Nolan AM, Hughes JML et al. Development of the short-form Glasgow composite measure pain scale (CMPS-SF) and derivation of an analgesic intervention score. Anim Welfare 2007;16:97-104.
Mullan S Assessment of quality of life in veterinary practice: developing tools for companion animal carers and veterinarians. Vet Med: Res Rep 2015;6:203-210.
Lord LK, Millman ST, Carbone L et al. A model curriculum for the study of animal welfare in colleges and schools of veterinary medicine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017;250:632-640.
Main DCJ Evolution of animal-welfare education for veterinary students. J Vet Med Educ 2010;37:30-35.
Dickinson GE, Paul ES UKveterinary schools: Emphasis on end-of-life issues. Vet Rec 2014;174:1-2.
Magnier K, Wang R, Dale VHM et al. Enhancing clinical learning in the workplace: A qualitative study. Vet Rec 2011;169:682-686.
Christiansen SB, Kristensen AT, Lassen J et al. Veterinarians’ role in clients’ decision-making regarding seriously ill companion animal patients. Acta Vet Scand 2016;58:1-14.
Norman EJ Supervisor descriptions of veterinary student performance in the clinical workplace: A qualitative interview study. Vet Rec 2017;180:1-7.
Moir FM, Van den Brink ARK Current insights in veterinarians’ psychological wellbeing. N Z Vet J 2020;68:3-12.
Rollin BE Euthanasia, moral stress, and chronic illness in veterinary medicine. Vet Clinics North Am-Small Anim Pract 2011;41:651-659.
Fawcett A. Euthanasia and morally justifiable killing in a veterinary clinical context. In: Johnston J, Probyn-Rapsey F, editors. Animal death. Sydney University Press, Sydney, 2013.