Toll-like receptors in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and alcohol-induced brain damage.
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and alcohol abuse
central nervous system
ischemic stroke
neuroinflammation
toll-like receptors
Journal
IUBMB life
ISSN: 1521-6551
Titre abrégé: IUBMB Life
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100888706
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 2021
07 2021
Historique:
revised:
05
05
2021
received:
30
03
2021
accepted:
22
05
2021
pubmed:
26
5
2021
medline:
11
2
2022
entrez:
25
5
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) or pattern recognition receptors respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or internal damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). TLRs are integral membrane proteins with both extracellular leucine-rich and cytoplasmic domains that initiate downstream signaling through kinases by activating transcription factors like AP-1 and NF-κB, which lead to the release of various inflammatory cytokines and immune modulators. In the central nervous system, different TLRs are expressed mainly in microglia and astroglial cells, although some TLRs are also expressed in oligodendroglia and neurons. Activation of TLRs triggers signaling cascades by the host as a defense mechanism against invaders to repair damaged tissue. However, overactivation of TLRs disrupts the sustained immune homeostasis-induced production of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, miRNAs, and inflammatory components of extracellular vesicles. These inflammatory mediators can, in turn, induce neuroinflammation, and neural tissue damage associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses the critical role of TLRs response in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and alcohol-induced brain damage and neurodegeneration.
Substances chimiques
MicroRNAs
0
Toll-Like Receptors
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
900-915Subventions
Organisme : GVA
ID : AICO/2019/087
Organisme : Junta de Castilla y Leon
ID : VA294P18
Organisme : Spanish Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Welfare
ID : PNSD-2018-I003
Organisme : Spanish Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Welfare
ID : PNSD-2019-I039
Organisme : The Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities
ID : RTI2018-099298-B-100
Informations de copyright
© 2021 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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