The role of the microbiome in gastrointestinal inflammation.
Animals
Autoimmune Diseases
/ immunology
Bacteria
/ immunology
Celiac Disease
/ immunology
Dysbiosis
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Gastrointestinal Diseases
/ immunology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Humans
Immunity, Mucosal
Inflammation Mediators
/ metabolism
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
/ immunology
Intestines
/ immunology
Metabolic Syndrome
/ immunology
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules
/ metabolism
Probiotics
/ therapeutic use
Signal Transduction
Dysbiosis
Gastrointestinal physiology
Homeostasis
Inflammation
Microbiome
Mucosa
Journal
Bioscience reports
ISSN: 1573-4935
Titre abrégé: Biosci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8102797
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
25 06 2021
25 06 2021
Historique:
received:
31
03
2021
revised:
27
05
2021
accepted:
02
06
2021
pubmed:
3
6
2021
medline:
4
2
2022
entrez:
2
6
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The microbiome plays an important role in maintaining human health. Despite multiple factors being attributed to the shaping of the human microbiome, extrinsic factors such diet and use of medications including antibiotics appear to dominate. Mucosal surfaces, particularly in the gut, are highly adapted to be able to tolerate a large population of microorganisms whilst still being able to produce a rapid and effective immune response against infection. The intestinal microbiome is not functionally independent from the host mucosa and can, through presentation of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and generation of microbe-derived metabolites, fundamentally influence mucosal barrier integrity and modulate host immunity. In a healthy gut there is an abundance of beneficial bacteria that help to preserve intestinal homoeostasis, promote protective immune responses, and limit excessive inflammation. The importance of the microbiome is further highlighted during dysbiosis where a loss of this finely balanced microbial population can lead to mucosal barrier dysfunction, aberrant immune responses, and chronic inflammation that increases the risk of disease development. Improvements in our understanding of the microbiome are providing opportunities to harness members of a healthy microbiota to help reverse dysbiosis, reduce inflammation, and ultimately prevent disease progression.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34076695
pii: 228872
doi: 10.1042/BSR20203850
pmc: PMC8201460
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Inflammation Mediators
0
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Author(s).
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