Differential Binding of Autoantibodies to MOG Isoforms in Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases.


Journal

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation
ISSN: 2332-7812
Titre abrégé: Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101636388

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
07 2021
Historique:
received: 04 01 2021
accepted: 15 04 2021
entrez: 16 6 2021
pubmed: 17 6 2021
medline: 1 3 2022
Statut: epublish

Résumé

To analyze serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to major isoforms of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-alpha 1-3 and beta 1-3) in patients with inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Retrospective case-control study using 378 serum samples from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), patients with non-MS demyelinating disease, and healthy controls with MOG alpha-1-IgG positive (n = 202) or negative serostatus (n = 176). Samples were analyzed for their reactivity to human, mouse, and rat MOG isoforms with and without mutations in the extracellular MOG Ig domain (MOG-ecIgD), soluble MOG-ecIgD, and myelin from multiple species using live cell-based, tissue immunofluorescence assays and ELISA. The strongest IgG reactivities were directed against the longest MOG isoforms alpha-1 (the currently used standard test for MOG-IgG) and beta-1, whereas the other isoforms were less frequently recognized. Using principal component analysis, we identified 3 different binding patterns associated with non-MS disease: (1) isolated reactivity to MOG-alpha-1/beta-1 (n = 73), (2) binding to MOG-alpha-1/beta-1 and at least one other alpha, but no beta isoform (n = 64), and (3) reactivity to all 6 MOG isoforms (n = 65). The remaining samples were negative (n = 176) for MOG-IgG. These MOG isoform binding patterns were associated with a non-MS demyelinating disease, but there were no differences in clinical phenotypes or disease course. The 3 MOG isoform patterns had distinct immunologic characteristics such as differential binding to soluble MOG-ecIgD, sensitivity to MOG mutations, and binding to human MOG in ELISA. The novel finding of differential MOG isoform binding patterns could inform future studies on the refinement of MOG-IgG assays and the pathophysiologic role of MOG-IgG.

Identifiants

pubmed: 34131067
pii: 8/5/e1027
doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000001027
pmc: PMC8207634
pii:
doi:

Substances chimiques

Autoantibodies 0
MOG protein, human 0
Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein 0
Protein Isoforms 0

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Subventions

Organisme : Austrian Science Fund FWF
ID : P 32699
Pays : Austria
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 104079/Z/14/Z
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Department of Health
Pays : United Kingdom

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.

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Auteurs

Kathrin Schanda (K)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Patrick Peschl (P)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Magdalena Lerch (M)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Barbara Seebacher (B)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Swantje Mindorf (S)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Nora Ritter (N)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Monika Probst (M)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Harald Hegen (H)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Franziska Di Pauli (F)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Eva-Maria Wendel (EM)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Christian Lechner (C)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Matthias Baumann (M)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Sara Mariotto (S)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Sergio Ferrari (S)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Albert Saiz (A)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Michael Farrell (M)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Maria Isabel S Leite (MIS)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Sarosh R Irani (SR)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Jacqueline Palace (J)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Andreas Lutterotti (A)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Tania Kümpfel (T)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Sandra Vukusic (S)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Romain Marignier (R)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Patrick Waters (P)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Kevin Rostasy (K)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Thomas Berger (T)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Christian Probst (C)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Romana Höftberger (R)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Markus Reindl (M)

From the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. markus.reindl@i-med.ac.at.

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