Shared Biological Pathways between Antipsychotics and Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Key Feature for Schizophrenia Preventive Treatment?
antipsychotics
dopamine
first episode psychosis
glutamate
inflammation
membrane lipids
omega-3
oxidative stress
schizophrenia
ultra high-risk patients
Journal
International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
Titre abrégé: Int J Mol Sci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101092791
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
26 Jun 2021
26 Jun 2021
Historique:
received:
06
05
2021
revised:
18
06
2021
accepted:
23
06
2021
entrez:
2
7
2021
pubmed:
3
7
2021
medline:
13
7
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Schizophrenia typically emerges during adolescence, with progression from an ultra-high risk state (UHR) to the first episode of psychosis (FEP) followed by a chronic phase. The detailed pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the factors leading to progression across these stages remain relatively unknown. The current treatment relies on antipsychotics, which are effective for FEP and chronic schizophrenia but ineffective for UHR patients. Antipsychotics modulate dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, inflammation, oxidative stress, and membrane lipids pathways. Many of these biological pathways intercommunicate and play a role in schizophrenia pathophysiology. In this context, research of preventive treatment in early stages has explored the antipsychotic effects of omega-3 supplementation in UHR and FEP patients. This review summarizes the action of omega-3 in various biological systems involved in schizophrenia. Similar to antipsychotics, omega-3 supplementation reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, improves myelination, modifies the properties of cell membranes, and influences dopamine and glutamate pathways. Omega-3 supplementation also modulates one-carbon metabolism, the endocannabinoid system, and appears to present neuroprotective properties. Omega-3 has little side effects compared to antipsychotics and may be safely prescribed for UHR patients and as an add-on for FEP patients. This could to lead to more efficacious individualised treatments, thus contributing to precision medicine in psychiatry.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34206945
pii: ijms22136881
doi: 10.3390/ijms22136881
pmc: PMC8269187
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antipsychotic Agents
0
Fatty Acids, Omega-3
0
Folic Acid
935E97BOY8
Methionine
AE28F7PNPL
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Agence Nationale de la Recherche
ID : ANR-18-RHUS-0014
Organisme : Cilag
ID : speaking fees
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