Social networks research in ex situ populations: Patterns, trends, and future directions for conservation-focused behavioral research.
One Plan Approach
animal behavior
ex situ conservation
horizon scan
zoo
Journal
Zoo biology
ISSN: 1098-2361
Titre abrégé: Zoo Biol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8807837
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2021
Nov 2021
Historique:
revised:
30
05
2021
received:
06
10
2020
accepted:
25
06
2021
pubmed:
7
7
2021
medline:
15
12
2021
entrez:
6
7
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Social networks research using non-human animals has grown over the past decade, utilizing a wide range of species to answer an array of pure and applied questions. Network approaches have relevance to conservation, evaluating social influences on fecundity, health, fitness and longevity. While the application of network approaches to in situ populations with conservation concern appears in published literature, the degree to which ex situ and zoo-housed populations are the focus of "social networks for conservation research" is limited. Captive environments provide scientists with an ability to understand the social behavior of species that may be hard to observe consistently in the wild. This paper evaluates the scope of network research involving ex situ populations, analyzing output from 2010 to 2019 to determine trends in questions and subjects using ex situ populations. We show that only 8.2% of ex situ social network analysis (SNA) implications are of conservation-focus, apparent in papers relating to birds, carnivores, bats, primates, reptiles, and ungulates. Husbandry and welfare questions predominate in ex situ network research, but over half of these papers have nonpractical application (basic science). The chance of a citation for a basic science paper was 95.4% more than for a conservation-based paper. For taxonomic groups, primate-focused papers had the most citations. The focus of ex situ conservation-based networks research may be driven by the needs of conservation programs (e.g., population recovery outcomes) or by a need to evaluate the efficacy of ex situ conservation goals. We evaluate our findings considering the IUCN's One Plan Approach to conservation to show how in situ and ex situ network research is applicable to global conservation efforts. We have identified that there is a lack of application and evaluation of SNA to wildlife conservation. We highlight future areas of research in zoos and hope to stimulate discussion and collaboration between relevant parties.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
493-502Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Authors. Zoo Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Références
Abell, J., Kirzinger, M. W. B., Gordon, Y., Kirk, J., Kokeŝ, R., Lynas, K., Mandinyenya, B., & Youldon, D. (2013). A social network analysis of social cohesion in a constructed pride: Implications for ex situ reintroduction of the African lion (Panthera leo). PLOS One, 8(12), e82541.
Albert, C., Luque, G. M., & Courchamp, F. (2018). The twenty most charismatic species. PLOS One, 13(7), e0199149.
Balasubramaniam, K. N., Beisner, B. A., Guan, J., Vandeleest, J., Fushing, H., Atwill, E. R., & McCowan, B. (2018). Social network community structure and the contact-mediated sharing of commensal E. coli among captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). PeerJ, 6, e4271.
Balasubramaniam, K. N., Beisner, B. A., Hubbard, J. A., Vandeleest, J. J., Atwill, E. R., & McCowan, B. (2019). Affiliation and disease risk: Social networks mediate gut microbial transmission among rhesus macaques. Animal Behaviour, 151, 131-143.
Bashaw, M. J. (2011). Consistency of captive giraffe behavior under two different management regimes. Zoo Biology, 30(4), 371-378.
Bashaw, M. J., Bloomsmith, M. A., Maple, T. L., & Bercovitch, F. B. (2007). The structure of social relationships among captive female giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 121(1), 46-53.
Bercovitch, F. B., & Berry, P. S. M. (2013a). Age proximity influences herd composition in wild giraffe. Journal of Zoology, 290(4), 281-286.
Bercovitch, F. B., & Berry, P. S. M. (2013b). Herd composition, kinship and fission-fusion social dynamics among wild giraffe. African Journal of Ecology, 51(2), 206-216.
Berry, P. S. M., & Bercovitch, F. B. (2015). Leadership of herd progressions in the Thornicroft's giraffe of Zambia. African Journal of Ecology, 53(2), 175-182.
Binding, S., Farmer, H., Krusin, L., & Cronin, K. (2020). Status of animal welfare research in zoos and aquariums: Where are we, where to next? Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research, 8(3), 166-174.
Blumstein, D. T., & Fernández-Juricic, E. (2004). The emergence of conservation behavior. Conservation Biology, 18(5), 1175-1177.
Blumstein, D. T., & Fernández-Juricic, E. (2010). A primer of conservation behavior. Sinauer Associates.
Brown, M. B., Bolger, D. T., & Fennessy, J. (2019). All the eggs in one basket: A countrywide assessment of current and historical giraffe population distribution in Uganda. Global Ecology and Conservation, 19, e00612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00612
Caro, T. (1999). The behaviour-conservation interface. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 14(9), 366-369.
Caro, T., & Sherman, P. W. (2011). Endangered species and a threatened discipline: Behavioural ecology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 26(3), 111-118.
Caro, T., & Sherman, P. W. (2013). Eighteen reasons animal behaviourists avoid involvement in conservation. Animal Behaviour, 85(2), 305-312.
Carter, K. D., Brand, R., Carter, J. K., Shorrocks, B., & Goldizen, A. W. (2013). Social networks, long-term associations and age-related sociability of wild giraffes. Animal Behaviour, 86(5), 901-910.
Carter, K. D., Seddon, J. M., Frère, C. H., Carter, J. K., & Goldizen, A. W. (2013). Fission-fusion dynamics in wild giraffes may be driven by kinship, spatial overlap and individual social preferences. Animal Behaviour, 85(2), 385-394.
Conde, D. A., Staerk, J., Colchero, F., da Silva, R., Schöley, J., Baden, H. M., Jouvet, L., Fa, J. E., Syed, H., Jongejans, E., Meiri, S., Gaillard, J.-M., Chamberlain, S., Wilcken, J., Jones, O. R., Dahlgren, J. P., Steiner, U. K., Bland, L. M., Gomez-Mestre, I., … Vaupel, J. W. (2019). Data gaps and opportunities for comparative and conservation biology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(19), 9658-9664.
Conservation Planning Specialist Group. (2020). The One Plan Approach to conservation. https://www.cpsg.org/our-approach/one-plan-approach-conservation
Diawara, Y., Amat, J., Rendon-Martos, M., Studer-Thiersch, A., King, C. E., Azafzaf, H., Baccetti, N., Gillingham, M., & Bechet, A. (2014, October 9th). 6th Mediterranean and West African greater flamingo workshop. Paper presented at the Third International Flamingo Symposium, Bahia Resort, San Diego.
EAZA. (2013). The modern zoo: Foundations for management and development. https://www.eaza.net/assets/Uploads/images/Membership-docs-and-images/Zoo-Management-Manual-compressed.pdf
EAZA Hornbill TAG. (2019). TAG update. Paper presented at the EAZA Annual Conference 2019, Bioparc Valencia, Spain.
Franks, V. R., Andrews, C. E., Ewen, J. G., McCready, M., Parker, K. A., & Thorogood, R. (2018). Changes in social groups across reintroductions and effects on post-release survival. Animal Conservation, 23(4), 443-454.
Gilbert, T., & Soorae, P. S. (2017). Editorial: The role of zoos and aquariums in reintroductions and other conservation translocations. International Zoo Yearbook, 51(1), 9-14.
Gosling, L. M., & Sutherland, W. J. (Eds.). (2000). Behaviour and conservation. Cambridge University Press.
Greggor, A. L., Berger-Tal, O., Blumstein, D. T., Angeloni, L., Bessa-Gomes, C., Blackwell, B. F., St Clair, C. C., Crooks, K. R., de Silva, S., & Fernández-Juricic, E. (2016). Research priorities from animal behaviour for maximising conservation progress. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 31(12), 953-964.
Gusset, M., & Dick, G. (2010). “Building a Future for Wildlife”? Evaluating the contribution of the world zoo and aquarium community to in situ conservation. International Zoo Yearbook, 44(1), 183-191.
Gusset, M., & Dick, G. (2011). The global reach of zoos and aquariums in visitor numbers and conservation expenditures. Zoo Biology, 30(5), 566-569.
Halekoh, U., & Højsgaard, S. (2014). A kenward-roger approximation and parametric bootstrap methods for tests in linear mixed models: The R package pbkrtest. Journal of Statistical Software, 59(9), 1-30.
Harzing. (2007). Publish or perish. https://harzing.com/resources/publish-or-perish
Jones, T. B., Aplin, L. M., Devost, I., & Morand-Ferron, J. (2017). Individual and ecological determinants of social information transmission in the wild. Animal Behaviour, 129, 93-101.
Kierulff, M. C. M., Ruiz-Miranda, C. R., de Oliveira, P. P., Beck, B. B., Martins, A., Dietz, J. M., Rambaldi, D. M., & Baker, A. J. (2012). The golden lion tamarin Leontopithecus rosalia: A conservation success story. International Zoo Yearbook, 46(1), 36-45.
Kleiman, D. G., Beck, B. B., Dietz, J. M., Dietz, L. A., Ballou, J. D., & Coimbra-Filho, A. F. (1986). Conservation program for the golden lion tamarin: Captive research and management, ecological studies, educational strategies, and reintroduction. In K. Benirschke (Ed.), Primates (pp. 959-979). Springer-Verlag.
Kreger, M. D., Hatfield, J. S., Estevez, I., Gee, G. F., & Clugston, D. A. (2005). The effects of captive rearing on the behavior of newly-released whooping cranes (Grus americana). Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 93(1-2), 165-178.
Lenth, R. V. (2016). Least-squares means: The R package lsmeans. Journal of Statistical Software, 69(1), 1-33.
Lewton, J., & Rose, P. E. (2019). Evaluating the social structure of captive Rothschild's giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi): Relevance to animal management and animal welfare. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 23, 178-192.
Loh, T.-L., Larson, E. R., David, S. R., de Souza, L. S., Gericke, R., Gryzbek, M., Kough, A. S., Willink, P. W., & Knapp, C. R. (2018). Quantifying the contribution of zoos and aquariums to peer-reviewed scientific research. FACETS, 3(1), 287-299.
Mills, M., Álvarez-Romero, J. G., Vance-Borland, K., Cohen, P., Pressey, R. L., Guerrero, A. M., & Ernstson, H. (2014). Linking regional planning and local action: Towards using social network analysis in systematic conservation planning. Biological Conservation, 169, 6-13.
Maple, T. L., & Perdue, B. M. (2013). Zoo animal welfare. Springer-Verlag.
Minteer, B. A., Maienschein, J., Collins, J. P., & Rabb, G. (Eds.). (2018). The Ark and beyond: The evolution of zoo and aquarium conservation. University of Chicago Press.
Muehlenbein, M. P., Martinez, L. A., Lemke, A. A., Ambu, L., Nathan, S., Alsisto, S., & Sakong, R. (2010). Unhealthy travelers present challenges to sustainable primate ecotourism. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 8(3), 169-175.
Muller, Z., Cuthill, I. C., & Harris, S. (2019). Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) social networks in areas of contrasting human activity and lion density. Ethology, 125(10), 702-715.
Orban, D. A., Siegford, J. M., & Snider, R. J. (2016). Effects of guest feeding programs on captive giraffe behavior. Zoo Biology, 35(2), 157-166.
R Core Team. (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Austria R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Ripperger, S. P., Carter, G. G., Page, R. A., Duda, N., Koelpin, A., Weigel, R., Hartmann, M., Nowak, T., Thielecke, J., & Schadhauser, M. (2020). Thinking small: Next-generation sensor networks close the size gap in vertebrate biologging. PLOS Biology, 18(4), e3000655.
Rose, P. E. (2018). The relevance of captive flamingos to meeting the four aims of the modern zoo. Flamingo, e1(1), 23-32.
Rose, P. E. (2021). Evidence for aviculture: Identifying research needs to advance the role of ex situ bird populations in conservation initiatives and collection planning. Birds, 2(1), 77-95.
Rose, P. E., Brereton, J. E., Rowden, L. J., Lemos de Figueiredo, R., & Riley, L. M. (2019). What's new from the zoo? An analysis of ten years of zoo-themed research output. Palgrave Communications, 5(1), 1-10.
Rose, P. E., & Croft, D. P. (2015). The potential of Social Network Analysis as a tool for the management of zoo animals. Animal Welfare, 24(2), 123-138.
Rose, P. E., & Croft, D. P. (2018). Quantifying the social structure of a large captive flock of greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus): Potential implications for management in captivity. Behavioural Processes, 150, 66-74.
Rwego, I. B., Isabirye-Basuta, G., Gillespie, T. R., & Goldberg, T. L. (2008). Gastrointestinal bacterial transmission among humans, mountain gorillas, and livestock in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda. Conservation Biology, 22(6), 1600-1607.
Saito, M., & Idani, G. (2017). Comparison of proximity and social behaviors between calves and juveniles in wild giraffe. Proceedings of the Design Symposium on Conservation of Ecosystem, 5, 1-9.
Sheppard, J. K., Walenski, M., Wallace, M. P., Velazco, J. J. V., Porras, C., & Swaisgood, R. R. (2013). Hierarchical dominance structure in reintroduced California condors: Correlates, consequences, and dynamics. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 67(8), 1227-1238.
Sherwen, S. L., & Hemsworth, P. H. (2019). The visitor effect on zoo animals: Implications and opportunities for zoo animal welfare. Animals, 9(6), 366.
Stoinski, T. S., Hoff, M. P., & Maple, T. L. (2003). Proximity patterns of female western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) during the six months after parturition. American Journal of Primatology, 61(2), 61-72.
Stoinski, T. S., Lukas, K. E., & Kuhar, C. W. (2013). Effects of age and group type on social behaviour of male western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in North American zoos. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 147(3-4), 316-323.
Swaisgood, R. R. (2007). Current status and future directions of applied behavioral research for animal welfare and conservation. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 102(3-4), 139-162.
Teixeira, C. P., de Azevedo, C. S., Mendl, M., Cipreste, C. F., & Young, R. J. (2007). Revisiting translocation and reintroduction programmes: The importance of considering stress. Animal Behaviour, 73(1), 1-13.
Traylor-Holzer, K., Leus, K., & Bauman, K. (2019). Integrated Collection Assessment and Planning (ICAP) workshop: Helping zoos move toward the One Plan Approach. Zoo Biology, 38(1), 95-105.
Tribe, A., & Booth, R. (2003). Assessing the role of zoos in wildlife conservation. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 8(1), 65-74.
Urbanek, R. P., Fondow, L. E. A., Zimorski, S. E., Wellington, M. A., & Nipper, M. A. (2010). Winter release and management of reintroduced migratory whooping cranes Grus americana. Bird Conservation International, 20(1), 43-54.
VanderWaal, K. L., Atwill, E. R., Isbell, L. A., & McCowan, B. (2014). Linking social and pathogen transmission networks using microbial genetics in giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). Journal of Animal Ecology, 83, 406-414.
VanderWaal, K. L., Wang, H., McCowan, B., Fushing, H., & Isbell, L. A. (2014). Multilevel social organization and space use in reticulated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). Behavioral Ecology, 25(1), 17-26.