Association of maternal diabetes during pregnancy with high refractive error in offspring: a nationwide population-based cohort study.
Adolescent
Adult
Child
Child, Preschool
Cohort Studies
Denmark
/ epidemiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
/ epidemiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
/ epidemiology
Diabetes, Gestational
/ epidemiology
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Incidence
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Male
Mothers
Pregnancy
Pregnancy in Diabetics
/ epidemiology
Proportional Hazards Models
Refractive Errors
/ epidemiology
Registries
/ statistics & numerical data
Risk Factors
Young Adult
Cohort study
Maternal diabetes
Offspring
Refractive error
Registers
Journal
Diabetologia
ISSN: 1432-0428
Titre abrégé: Diabetologia
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 0006777
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 2021
11 2021
Historique:
received:
29
12
2020
accepted:
07
04
2021
pubmed:
18
8
2021
medline:
26
3
2022
entrez:
17
8
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
We aimed to investigate the associations between maternal diabetes before or during pregnancy and the risk of high refractive error (RE) in offspring until the age of 25 years. This nationwide register-based cohort study comprised 2,470,580 individuals born in 1977-2016. The exposure was maternal diabetes during or before pregnancy (type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes). Cox regression was used to examine the association between maternal diabetes and the risk of high RE in offspring from birth until the age of 25 years, adjusting for multiple potential confounders. During up to 25 years of follow-up, 553 offspring of mothers with diabetes and 19,695 offspring of mothers without diabetes were diagnosed with high RE. Prenatal exposure to maternal diabetes was associated with a 39% increased risk of high RE: HR 1.39 (95% CI 1.28, 1.51), p < 0.001; standardised cumulative incidence in unexposed offspring at 25 years of age 1.18% (95% CI 1.16%, 1.19%); cumulative incidence difference 0.72% (95% CI 0.51%, 0.94%). The elevated risks were observed for hypermetropia (HR 1.37 [95% CI 1.24, 1.51], p < 0.001), myopia (HR 1.34 [95% CI 1.08, 1.66], p = 0.007) and astigmatism (HR 1.58 [95% CI 1.29, 1.92], p < 0.001). The increased risks were more pronounced among offspring of mothers with diabetic complications (HR 2.05 [95% CI 1.60, 2.64], p < 0.001), compared with those of mothers with diabetes but no diabetic complications (HR 1.18 [95% CI 1.02, 1.37], p = 0.030). Our findings suggest that maternal diabetes during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of high RE in offspring, in particular among those of mothers with diabetic complications. Early ophthalmological screening should be recommended in offspring of mothers with diabetes diagnosed before or during pregnancy.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34401952
doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05526-z
pii: 10.1007/s00125-021-05526-z
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2466-2477Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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