Modulating the bicoid gradient in space and time.
Journal
Hereditas
ISSN: 1601-5223
Titre abrégé: Hereditas
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0374654
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
17 Aug 2021
17 Aug 2021
Historique:
received:
28
05
2021
accepted:
19
07
2021
entrez:
18
8
2021
pubmed:
19
8
2021
medline:
24
12
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The formation of the Bicoid (Bcd) gradient in the early Drosophila is one of the most fascinating observations in biology and serves as a paradigm for gradient formation, yet its mechanism is still not fully understood. Two distinct models were proposed in the past, the SDD and the ARTS model. We define novel cis- and trans-acting factors that are indispensable for gradient formation. The first one is the poly A tail length of the bcd mRNA where we demonstrate that it changes not only in time, but also in space. We show that posterior bcd mRNAs possess a longer poly tail than anterior ones and this elongation is likely mediated by wispy (wisp), a poly A polymerase. Consequently, modulating the activity of Wisp results in changes of the Bcd gradient, in controlling downstream targets such as the gap and pair-rule genes, and also in influencing the cuticular pattern. Attempts to modulate the Bcd gradient by subjecting the egg to an extra nuclear cycle, i.e. a 15 Our analysis demonstrates that Bcd gradient formation is far more complex than previously thought requiring a revision of the models of how the gradient is formed.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
The formation of the Bicoid (Bcd) gradient in the early Drosophila is one of the most fascinating observations in biology and serves as a paradigm for gradient formation, yet its mechanism is still not fully understood. Two distinct models were proposed in the past, the SDD and the ARTS model.
RESULTS
RESULTS
We define novel cis- and trans-acting factors that are indispensable for gradient formation. The first one is the poly A tail length of the bcd mRNA where we demonstrate that it changes not only in time, but also in space. We show that posterior bcd mRNAs possess a longer poly tail than anterior ones and this elongation is likely mediated by wispy (wisp), a poly A polymerase. Consequently, modulating the activity of Wisp results in changes of the Bcd gradient, in controlling downstream targets such as the gap and pair-rule genes, and also in influencing the cuticular pattern. Attempts to modulate the Bcd gradient by subjecting the egg to an extra nuclear cycle, i.e. a 15
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Our analysis demonstrates that Bcd gradient formation is far more complex than previously thought requiring a revision of the models of how the gradient is formed.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34404481
doi: 10.1186/s41065-021-00192-y
pii: 10.1186/s41065-021-00192-y
pmc: PMC8371787
doi:
Substances chimiques
CycB protein, Drosophila
0
Cyclin B
0
Drosophila Proteins
0
Homeodomain Proteins
0
RNA, Messenger
0
Trans-Activators
0
bcd protein, Drosophila
0
Poly A
24937-83-5
Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase
EC 2.7.7.19
wisp protein, Drosophila
EC 2.7.7.19
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
29Subventions
Organisme : Nilsson-Ehle Stiftelse
ID : 2019
Organisme : Vetenskapsrådet
ID : 2010
Organisme : Pia Ståhl Stiftelse
ID : 2019
Organisme : Erik-Philip-Sörensen-Stiftelse
ID : 2019
Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s).
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