The Application of a Sonic Probe Extensometer for the Detection of Rock Salt Flow Field in Underground Convergence Monitoring.

extensometer monitoring of underground excavations salt flow tectonic stress

Journal

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 1424-8220
Titre abrégé: Sensors (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101204366

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
18 Aug 2021
Historique:
received: 26 07 2021
revised: 12 08 2021
accepted: 15 08 2021
entrez: 28 8 2021
pubmed: 29 8 2021
medline: 1 9 2021
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Special regulations have been laid down to establish the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of old mining workings which are adapted for tourism. To comply with these regulations the measurements were taken in the Bochnia Salt Mine, which has been in use for 800 years. The presented work demonstrates the use of a sonic probe extensometer in connection with the obtained results of displacement measurements in intact rocks surrounding the gallery. There were also test measurements carried out for determination of the real accuracy of the instrument. The presented study of deformations detected by electromagnetic extensometer measurements is presumed to be the first time that research has been made in salt mines operating in rock mass affected by tectonic stress. The paper presents the process of rock salt flow into the gallery observed over a period of 3 years. It is an unprecedented depiction of salt deformation subjected to natural stresses. One of the more surprising results presented here is the discovery of the occurrence of a specific distribution of strain around the measured gallery. The results of measurements showed that the southern part of the intact rock mass surrounding the passage is more compressed (strain rate 3.6 mm/m/year) than the northern one (strain rate 1.6 mm/m/year). This illustrates the presence and influence of additional tectonic effects resulting from the Carpathian push. These observations represent a new kind of research into tectonic stress and tectonic activity in underground measurements.

Identifiants

pubmed: 34451001
pii: s21165562
doi: 10.3390/s21165562
pmc: PMC8402107
pii:
doi:

Substances chimiques

Sodium Chloride 451W47IQ8X

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Références

Sensors (Basel). 2016 Oct 21;16(10):
pubmed: 27775657
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Feb 13;20(4):
pubmed: 32069916
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Feb 28;20(5):
pubmed: 32121274

Auteurs

Zbigniew Szczerbowski (Z)

Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.

Zbigniew Niedbalski (Z)

Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.

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Classifications MeSH