Drug-Induced Photosensitivity-From Light and Chemistry to Biological Reactions and Clinical Symptoms.
melanin
oxidative stress
photoallergy
photodegradation
phototoxicity
Journal
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 1424-8247
Titre abrégé: Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101238453
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
26 Jul 2021
26 Jul 2021
Historique:
received:
24
06
2021
revised:
23
07
2021
accepted:
24
07
2021
entrez:
28
8
2021
pubmed:
29
8
2021
medline:
29
8
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Photosensitivity is one of the most common cutaneous adverse drug reactions. There are two types of drug-induced photosensitivity: photoallergy and phototoxicity. Currently, the number of photosensitization cases is constantly increasing due to excessive exposure to sunlight, the aesthetic value of a tan, and the increasing number of photosensitizing substances in food, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The risk of photosensitivity reactions relates to several hundred externally and systemically administered drugs, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, psychotropic, antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, and antineoplastic drugs. Photosensitivity reactions often lead to hospitalization, additional treatment, medical management, decrease in patient's comfort, and the limitations of drug usage. Mechanisms of drug-induced photosensitivity are complex and are observed at a cellular, molecular, and biochemical level. Photoexcitation and photoconversion of drugs trigger multidirectional biological reactions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and changes in melanin synthesis. These effects contribute to the appearance of the following symptoms: erythema, swelling, blisters, exudation, peeling, burning, itching, and hyperpigmentation of the skin. This article reviews in detail the chemical and biological basis of drug-induced photosensitivity. The following factors are considered: the chemical properties, the influence of individual ranges of sunlight, the presence of melanin biopolymers, and the defense mechanisms of particular types of tested cells.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34451820
pii: ph14080723
doi: 10.3390/ph14080723
pmc: PMC8401619
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Subventions
Organisme : Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny
ID : PCN-1-097/K/0/F, PCN-2-042/N/0/F
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