Selective Effects of Methylphenidate on Attention and Inhibition in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Results From a Clinical Trial.

Adult Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / drug therapy Central Nervous System Stimulants / adverse effects Child DiGeorge Syndrome / chemically induced Executive Function Humans Methylphenidate / adverse effects Treatment Outcome
22q11.2 deletion syndrome attention deficit clinical trial methylphenidate

Journal

The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology
ISSN: 1469-5111
Titre abrégé: Int J Neuropsychopharmacol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9815893

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
17 03 2022
Historique:
received: 04 01 2021
revised: 13 08 2021
accepted: 20 08 2021
pubmed: 29 8 2021
medline: 7 5 2022
entrez: 28 8 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Attention deficit and/or hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and frequently persists into adulthood. Although medication with stimulant has been demonstrated to be highly effective in idiopathic ADHD, evidence in 22q11DS is still scarce. Previous studies have shown safety and effectiveness of methylphenidate (MPH) on core symptoms of ADHD as well as improvement of associated cognitive deficits. However, only a limited number of cognitive domains have been explored. Twenty-three participants with 22q11DS and attention difficulties, aged 8-24 years, entered a clinical trial aiming to specify the effects of MPH on clinical symptoms, cognition, and daily-life behavior. The effects of treatment were compared with/without medication in a within-subject design. The trial included both participants naïve to the molecule and chronic users. Benefit from the treatment was demonstrated through a decrease in core ADHD symptoms, specifically inattention symptoms, and improvement of cognitive measures of attention and inhibition. Conversely, no significant change was found for other executive functions (such as cognitive flexibility, working memory, initiation), learning, or memory. Moreover, no significant improvement on ecological measures of daily-life executive functioning was found, possibly because of the short treatment period. We replicated safety, and although very frequent, side effects were of mild intensity and comparable with previous findings. This study extends the current knowledge on the effects of MPH in patients with 22q11DS. Treatment was found to be effective for core ADHD symptoms and cognitive measures of attention and inhibition.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
Attention deficit and/or hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and frequently persists into adulthood. Although medication with stimulant has been demonstrated to be highly effective in idiopathic ADHD, evidence in 22q11DS is still scarce. Previous studies have shown safety and effectiveness of methylphenidate (MPH) on core symptoms of ADHD as well as improvement of associated cognitive deficits. However, only a limited number of cognitive domains have been explored.
METHODS
Twenty-three participants with 22q11DS and attention difficulties, aged 8-24 years, entered a clinical trial aiming to specify the effects of MPH on clinical symptoms, cognition, and daily-life behavior. The effects of treatment were compared with/without medication in a within-subject design. The trial included both participants naïve to the molecule and chronic users.
RESULTS
Benefit from the treatment was demonstrated through a decrease in core ADHD symptoms, specifically inattention symptoms, and improvement of cognitive measures of attention and inhibition. Conversely, no significant change was found for other executive functions (such as cognitive flexibility, working memory, initiation), learning, or memory. Moreover, no significant improvement on ecological measures of daily-life executive functioning was found, possibly because of the short treatment period. We replicated safety, and although very frequent, side effects were of mild intensity and comparable with previous findings.
CONCLUSIONS
This study extends the current knowledge on the effects of MPH in patients with 22q11DS. Treatment was found to be effective for core ADHD symptoms and cognitive measures of attention and inhibition.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab057 PMID: 34453525 PMC: PMC8929751
pubmed: 34453525
pii: 6359065
doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab057
pmc: PMC8929751
doi:

Substances chimiques

Central Nervous System Stimulants 0
Methylphenidate 207ZZ9QZ49

Types de publication

Clinical Trial Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

215-225

Informations de copyright

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CINP.

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Auteurs

Johanna Maeder (J)

Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5688-2311

Valentina Mancini (V)

Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4411-896X

Corrado Sandini (C)

Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.

Fiona Journal (F)

Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.

Maude Schneider (M)

Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Matthias Kliegel (M)

Cognitive Aging Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, and Swiss National Center of Competences in Research LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Geneva, Switzerland.

Stephan Eliez (S)

Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Switzerland.

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Selective Effects of Methylphenidate on...
questionsmedicales.fr › Troubles mentaux › Troubles du développement neurologique › Troubles déficitaires de l'attention et du comportement perturbateur › Trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec hyperactivité › Selective Effects of Methylphenidate on...
questionsmedicales.fr › Actions chimiques et utilisations › Actions pharmacologiques › Utilisations thérapeutiques › Agents du système nerveux central › Stimulants du système nerveux central › Selective Effects of Methylphenidate on...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Enfant › Selective Effects of Methylphenidate on...
questionsmedicales.fr › Maladies endocriniennes › Maladies de la parathyroïde › Hypoparathyroïdie › Syndrome de délétion 22q11 › Syndrome de DiGeorge › Selective Effects of Methylphenidate on...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes psychologiques › Processus mentaux › Fonction exécutive › Selective Effects of Methylphenidate on...
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questionsmedicales.fr › Composés hétérocycliques › Composés hétéromonocycliques › Pipéridines › Méthylphénidate › Selective Effects of Methylphenidate on...
questionsmedicales.fr › Qualité, accès, évaluation des soins de santé › Qualité des soins de santé › Mécanismes d'évaluation des soins de santé › Évaluation des résultats et des processus en soins de santé › Évaluation de résultat (soins) › Résultat thérapeutique › Selective Effects of Methylphenidate on...