The incidence of necrotic enteritis in turkeys is associated with farm, season and faecal Eimeria oocyst counts.
Age
Epidemiology
Feed mill
Grow-out size
OPG
Production performance
Journal
BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
Titre abrégé: BMC Vet Res
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101249759
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 Sep 2021
04 Sep 2021
Historique:
received:
14
04
2021
accepted:
23
08
2021
entrez:
5
9
2021
pubmed:
6
9
2021
medline:
11
11
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Specific studies on the epidemiology of necrotic enteritis in turkeys are absent in the literature. Necrotic enteritis is common in turkeys and a leading cause of use of therapeutic antibiotics. This study describes the incidence of necrotic enteritis in turkey farms, and the association between incidence and bird age, season, faecal oocyst counts, grow-out size and feed mill. Necrotic enteritis was diagnosed post mortem in 20.2 % of 545 grow-outs of commercial female and male B.U.T. 10 turkeys started during the years 2010-2016. 80 % of all cases occurred at four to seven weeks of age. Median (minimum-maximum) age at disease detection was 37 (18-115) days. Turkey age at detection was influenced by season, and varied from 33 days among grow-outs hatched in February to 42 days among those hatched in July-August. The incidence also varied with season, showing peak occurrence among grow-outs hatched during February-March and the lowest incidence in turkeys hatched in July-August. 59 % of all cases were detected in 25 % of the farms. The incidence per farm varied from below 4 to 59 %. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model indicated clear impacts of farm and season on incidence, and border-line impacts of grow-out size and feed mill. Grow-outs diagnosed with necrotic enteritis had higher counts of faecal Eimeria oocysts than grow-outs without a diagnosis. This difference was particularly clear during the high-risk period at five to seven weeks of age. Necrotic enteritis was the cause of treatment with therapeutic antibiotics in 88.2 % of all cases of treatment. Our data indicate that necrotic enteritis incidence in turkeys can be substantially influenced by risk factors at farm level. The incidence showed two seasonal peaks; a moderate peak in turkeys hatched in October/November and a marked peak in turkeys hatched during February/March. Mitigation measures at the farm may therefore be of particular importance during these months in farms located in the Northern temperate zone. Measures which effectively reduce counts of faecal Eimeria oocyst are likely to be among the more promising actions to take both at the farm and at population level.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Specific studies on the epidemiology of necrotic enteritis in turkeys are absent in the literature. Necrotic enteritis is common in turkeys and a leading cause of use of therapeutic antibiotics. This study describes the incidence of necrotic enteritis in turkey farms, and the association between incidence and bird age, season, faecal oocyst counts, grow-out size and feed mill.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Necrotic enteritis was diagnosed post mortem in 20.2 % of 545 grow-outs of commercial female and male B.U.T. 10 turkeys started during the years 2010-2016. 80 % of all cases occurred at four to seven weeks of age. Median (minimum-maximum) age at disease detection was 37 (18-115) days. Turkey age at detection was influenced by season, and varied from 33 days among grow-outs hatched in February to 42 days among those hatched in July-August. The incidence also varied with season, showing peak occurrence among grow-outs hatched during February-March and the lowest incidence in turkeys hatched in July-August. 59 % of all cases were detected in 25 % of the farms. The incidence per farm varied from below 4 to 59 %. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model indicated clear impacts of farm and season on incidence, and border-line impacts of grow-out size and feed mill. Grow-outs diagnosed with necrotic enteritis had higher counts of faecal Eimeria oocysts than grow-outs without a diagnosis. This difference was particularly clear during the high-risk period at five to seven weeks of age. Necrotic enteritis was the cause of treatment with therapeutic antibiotics in 88.2 % of all cases of treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Our data indicate that necrotic enteritis incidence in turkeys can be substantially influenced by risk factors at farm level. The incidence showed two seasonal peaks; a moderate peak in turkeys hatched in October/November and a marked peak in turkeys hatched during February/March. Mitigation measures at the farm may therefore be of particular importance during these months in farms located in the Northern temperate zone. Measures which effectively reduce counts of faecal Eimeria oocyst are likely to be among the more promising actions to take both at the farm and at population level.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34481490
doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-03003-8
pii: 10.1186/s12917-021-03003-8
pmc: PMC8418707
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
292Subventions
Organisme : Norges Forskningsråd
ID : 225177
Organisme : Norges Forskningsråd
ID : 225177
Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s).
Références
J Parasit Dis. 2015 Dec;39(4):689-92
pubmed: 26688635
BMC Vet Res. 2020 Feb 18;16(1):63
pubmed: 32070340
Poult Sci. 2021 Mar;100(3):100806
pubmed: 33516484
Avian Dis. 1995 Jul-Sep;39(3):599-605
pubmed: 8561746
Poult Sci. 2012 Mar;91(3):627-35
pubmed: 22334737
Avian Dis. 1992 Jul-Sep;36(3):792-8
pubmed: 1417616
Avian Pathol. 2016 Jun;45(3):271-4
pubmed: 26956946
Avian Dis. 1994 Jan-Mar;38(1):177-83
pubmed: 8002890
Avian Pathol. 2007 Feb;36(1):43-51
pubmed: 17364509
Anim Nutr. 2015 Mar;1(1):1-11
pubmed: 29766984
Avian Pathol. 2016 Jun;45(3):326-33
pubmed: 27009483
Poult Sci. 2018 Jul 1;97(7):2303-2311
pubmed: 29562369
Avian Dis. 2021 Mar;65(1):132-137
pubmed: 34339132