Combined Effects of Different Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) on Prostate Gland.
androgens
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
endocrine system
endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)
estrogens
mixture
prostate cancer (PC)
prostate gland
Journal
International journal of environmental research and public health
ISSN: 1660-4601
Titre abrégé: Int J Environ Res Public Health
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101238455
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
16 09 2021
16 09 2021
Historique:
received:
31
07
2021
revised:
03
09
2021
accepted:
13
09
2021
entrez:
28
9
2021
pubmed:
29
9
2021
medline:
30
10
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) belong to a heterogeneous class of environmental pollutants widely diffused in different aquatic and terrestrial habitats. This implies that humans and animals are continuously exposed to EDCs from different matrices and sources. Moreover, pollution derived from anthropic and industrial activities leads to combined exposure to substances with multiple mechanisms of action on the endocrine system and correlated cell and tissue targets. For this reason, specific organs, such as the prostate gland, which physiologically are under the control of hormones like androgens and estrogens, are particularly sensitive to EDC stimulation. It is now well known that an imbalance in hormonal regulation can cause the onset of various prostate diseases, from benign prostate hyperplasia to prostate cancer. In this review, starting with the description of normal prostate gland anatomy and embryology, we summarize recent studies reporting on how the multiple and simultaneous exposure to estrogenic and anti-androgenic compounds belonging to EDCs are responsible for an increase in prostate disease incidence in the human population.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34574693
pii: ijerph18189772
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189772
pmc: PMC8471191
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Androgen Antagonists
0
Endocrine Disruptors
0
Environmental Pollutants
0
Estrogens
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
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