Social Perception of Systemic Risks.

Inclusive risk governance risk perception social amplification/attenuation of risk systemic risks

Journal

Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
ISSN: 1539-6924
Titre abrégé: Risk Anal
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8109978

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
07 2022
Historique:
revised: 13 08 2021
received: 11 07 2020
accepted: 25 08 2021
pubmed: 4 10 2021
medline: 26 7 2022
entrez: 3 10 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

The article distinguishes between two types of risks: conventional and systemic risks. Conventional risks can be contained in space and time, follow linear cause-effect relationships and can be addressed with effective and pointed interventions into the cause-effect chain. Systemic risks, however, are characterized by high complexity, transboundary effects, stochastic relationships, nonlinear cause-effect patterns with tipping points, and are often associated with less public attention than they require. The article addresses the reasons why systemic risks seem to be attenuated in public perception. The article goes on to consider how the social amplification of risk framework is useful in the context of systemic risks and describes needed extensions of that framework. It identifies practical tools for assessing the significance of perceptions for systemic risk situations. Finally, it argues that a graphic representation and simulation of evolving systemic risks and potential countermeasures as well as a participatory deliberative approach of inclusive risk governance are suitable governance strategies for preventing, mitigating, or managing systemic risks.

Identifiants

pubmed: 34601747
doi: 10.1111/risa.13831
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1455-1471

Informations de copyright

© 2021 The Authors. Risk Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Risk Analysis.

Références

Abbafati, C., Machado, D. B., Cislaghi, B., Salman, O. M., Karanikolos, M., McKee, M., … Herteliu, C. (2020). Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet, 396(10258), 1223-1249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2
Anderson, J. R. (1993). Problem solving and learning. American Psychologist, 48(1), 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.48.1.35
Aven, T., & Renn, O. (2019). Some foundational issues related to risk governance and different types of risks. Journal of Risk Research, 23(9), 1121-1134. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2019.1569099
Balog-Way, D., McComas, K., & Besley, J. (2020). The evolving field of risk communication. Risk Analysis, 40(S1), 2240-2262. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13615
Binot, A., Duboz, R., Promburom, P., Phimpraphai, W., Cappelle, J., Lajaunie, C., … Roger, F. L. (2015). A framework to promote collective action within the One Health community of practice: Using participatory modelling to enable interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral and multi-level integration. One Health, 1, 44-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2015.09.001
Blaikie, N., & Priest, J. (2019). Designing social research: The logic of anticipation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Blowers, A. (2007). Nuclear waste and landscapes of risk. Landscape Research, 24(3), 241-264.
Boukherroub, T., D'amours, S., & Rönnqvist, M. (2018). Sustainable forest management using decision theaters: Rethinking participatory planning. Journal of Cleaner Production, 179, 567-580.
Breakwell, G.M. (2014). The psychology of risk (2nd ed.). Cambridge: UK: Cambridge University Press.
Breckon, J., Hopkins, A., & Rickey, B. (2019). Evidence vs democracy: How ‘mini-publics’ can traverse the gap between citizens, experts, and evidence. The Alliance for Useful Evidence. Retrieved from https://www.alliance4usefulevidence.org/publication/evidence-vs-democracy/, accessed December 9, 2020.
Breckwoldt, J., Gruber, H., & Wittmann, A. (2014). Simulation learning. In S. Billett, C. Harteis, & H. Gruber (Eds.), International handbook of research in professional and practice-based learning (pp. 673-698). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8902-8_25
Brukmajster, D., Hampel, J., & Renn, O. (2007). Energy technology roadmap and stakeholders perspective. Establishment of social criteria for energy systems. In Stuttgart contributions to risk and sustainability research (Vol. 6). Stuttgart, Germany: Stuttgart University Press.
Burton, I., Kates, R. W., & White, G. F. (1968). The human ecology of extreme geophysical events. Tampa, FL: FMHI Publications. Retrieved from http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/fmhi_pubhttp://scholarcommons.usf.edu/fmhi_pub/78
Cairney, P. (2012). Complexity theory in political science and public policy. Political Studies Review, 10(3), 346-358. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-9302.2012.00270.x
Chabay, I., Koch, L., Martinez, G., & Scholz, R. (2019). Influence of narratives of vision and identity on collective behavior change. Sustainability, 11(20), 5680. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205680
Collins, A., Florin, M.-V., & Renn, O. (2020). COVID-19 risk governance: Drivers, responses and lessons to be learned. Journal of Risk Research, 23(7-8), 1073-1082. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1760332
Cori, L., Bianchi, F., Cadum, E., & Anthonj, C. (2020). Risk perception and COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093114
Cruz, A. M., Kajitani, Y., & Tatano, H. (2015). Natech disaster risk reduction: Can integrated risk governance help? In U. Fra Paleo (Ed.), Risk governance (pp. 441-462). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9328-5_23
Cruz, A. M., & Okada, N. (2008). Methodology for preliminary assessment of Natech risk in urban areas. Natural Hazards, 46(2), 199-220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-007-9207-1
Donsbach, W. (2009). Cognitive dissonance theory-A roller coaster career. How communication research adapted the theory of cognitive dissonance. In T. Hartmann (Ed.), Media choice. A theoretical and empirical overview (pp. 128-149). New York, NY: Routledge.
Dutt, V., & Gonzalez, C. (2010). Why do we want to delay actions on climate change? Effects of probability and timing of climate consequences. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 25(2), 154-164.
Earle, T. C., & Cvetkovich, G. (2013). Social trust and culture in risk management. In G. Cvetkovich & R. Lofstedt (Eds.), Social trust and the management of risk (pp. 9-21). London, UK: Earthscan.
Ewald, F. (1999). Risk in contemporary society. Connecticut Insurance Law Journal, 6, 365-380. Retrieved from https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/conilj6&section=17
Farrell, J. (2015). Politics: Echo chambers and false certainty. Nature Climate Change, 5(8), 719-720. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2732
Festinger, L. (1962). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Redwood City, CA: Standford University Press.
Fischhoff, B., & Davis, A. L. (2014). Communicating scientific uncertainty. PNAS, 111(Supplement 4), 13664-13671.
Fjaeran, L., & Aven, T. (2021). Creating conditions for critical trust - How an uncertainty-based risk perspective relates to dimensions and types of trust. Safety Science, 133, 105-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105008
Flaxman, S., Goel, S., & Rao, J. M. (2016). Filter bubbles, echo chambers, and online news consumption. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80(S1), 298-320.
Gardner, D. (2009). Risk. The science and politics of fear. London, UK: Virgin Books.
Global Climate Forum (2018). Decision theatre on sustainable mobility. Retrieved from https://globalclimateforum.org/2018/12/14/decision-Theatre-on-sustainable-mobility.
Goble, R., Bier, V., & Renn, O. (2018). Two types of vigilance are essential to effective hazard management: Maintaining both together is difficult. Risk Analysis, 38(9), 1795-1801. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13003
Gordon, E., & Manosevitch, E. (2010). Augmented deliberation: Merging physical and virtual interaction to engage communities in urban planning. New Media and Society, 13(1), 75-95.
Graham, J., & Kasperson, R. E. (1985). Television as a social hazard. In R. W. Kates, C. Hohenemser, & R. E. Kasperson (Eds.), Perilous progress: Managing the hazards of technology (pp. 427-454). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Gupta, J., Bouvier, J., & Gordon, E. (2012). Exploring new modalities of public participation: An evaluation of digital gaming platforms on civic capacity and collective action in the Boston public school district. New York, NY: Public Agenda.
Hangartner, D., Dinas, E., Marbach, M., Matakos, K., & Xefteris, D. (2019). Does exposure to the refugee crisis make natives more hostile? American Political Science Review, 113(2), 442-455. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055418000813
Harmon-Jones, E., & Mills, J. (2019). An introduction to cognitive dissonance theory and an overview of current perspectives on the theory. In E. Harmon-Jones (Ed.), Cognitive dissonance: Reexamining a pivotal theory in psychology (2nd ed., pp. 3-24). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000135-001
Helbing, D. (2013). Globally networked risks and how to respond. Nature, 497(7447), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12047
Hendriks, F., Kienhues, D., & Bromme, R. (2016). Trust in science and the science of trust. In B. Blöbaum (Ed.), Trust and communication in a digitized world. Progress in IS (pp. 143-159). Cham, New York, and Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28059-2_8
Hirsch Hadorn, G., Biber-Klemm, S., Grossenbacher-Mansuy, W., Hoffmann-Riem, H., Joye, D., Pohl, C., … W., Zemp, E. (2008). The emergence of transdisciplinarity as a form of research. In G. Hirsch Hadorn, H. Hoffmann-Riem, S. Biber-Klemm, W. Grossenbacher-Mansuy, D. Joye, C. Pohl, U. Wiesmann, & E. Zemp (Eds.), Handbook of transdisciplinary research (pp. 19-39). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6699-3_2
Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2003). Unraveling the central state, but how? Types of multi-level governance. American Political Science Review, 97(2), 233-243. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055403000649
Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2001). Types of multi-level governance. European Integration Online Papers (EIoP), 5(11), 1-24. http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.302786
Horlick-Jones, T., Sime, J., & Pidgeon, N. (2003). The social dynamics of environmental risk perception: Implications for risk communication research and practice. In N. Pidgeon, R. Kasperson, & P. Slovic (Eds.), The social amplification of risk (pp. 262-285). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511550461.01
International Risk Governance Council. (2018). Guidelines for the governance of systemic risks. Lausanne, Switzerland: International Risk Governance Center (IRGC). https://doi.org/10.5075/epfl-irgc-257279
Jensen, J., Carcioppolo, N., King, A., Bernat, J., Davis, L., Yale, R., & Smith, J. (2011). Including limitations in news coverage of cancer research: Effects of news hedging on fatalism, medical skepticism, patient trust, and backlash. Journal of Health Communication, 16(5), 486-503. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2010.546491
Jun, U., & Bukow, S. (2020). Party democracies in Europe under threat? In S. Bukow & U. Jun (Eds.), Continuity and change of party democracies in Europe. Politische Vierteljahresschrift Sonderhefte (pp. 1-27). Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer VS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28988-1_1
Kabat, G.C. (2017). Taking distrust of science seriously. EMBO Reports, 18, 1052-1055. https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201744294
Kasperson, R. E., & Kasperson, J. X. (1996). The social amplification and attenuation of risk. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 545(1), 95-105.
Kasperson, R. E., Renn, O., Slovic, P., Brown, H. S., Emel, J., Goble, R., …, Ratick, S. (1988). The social amplification of risk: A conceptual framework. Risk Analysis, 8(2), 177-187. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01168.x
Kates, R. W., Hohenemser, C., & Kasperson, J. X. (Eds.). (1985). Perilous Progress: Managing the Hazards of Technology. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/143853
Kaufman, G. G., & Scott, K. E. (2003). What is systemic risk, and do bank regulators retard or contribute to it? The Independent Review, 7(3), 371-391.
Klinke, A., & Renn, O. (2012). Adaptive and integrative governance on risk and uncertainty. Journal of Risk Research, 15(3), 273-292. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2011.636838
Krause, N.M., Brossard, D., Scheufele, D.A., Xenos, M.A., & Franke, K. (2019). Trends-Americans’ trust in science and scientists, Public Opinion Quarterly, 83(4), 817-836. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfz041
Krause, N. M., Freiling, I., Beets, B., & Brossard, D. (2020). Fact-checking as risk communication: The multi-layered risk of misinformation in times of COVID-19. Journal of Risk Research, 23(7-8), 1052-1059. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1756385
Kuzma, J., Grieger, K. D., Brown, Z. S., & Cummings, C. L. (2020). Pandemics call for systems approaches to research and funding. Issues in Science and Technology, May 4. https://issues.org/pandemics-call-for-systems-approaches/
Landwehr, C. (2021). Deliberative theory. In M. Riddervold, J. Trondal, & A. Newsome, (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of EU crises (pp. 213-228). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51791-5_11
Lang, D. J., Wiek, A., Bergmann, M., Stauffacher, M., Martens, P., Moll, P., … M., Thomas, C. J. (2012). Transdisciplinary research in sustainability science: Practice, principles, and challenges. Sustainability Science, 7(SUPPL. 1), 25-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-011-0149-x
Lavezollo, S., & Ramiro, L. (2017). Stealth democracy and the support for new and challenger parties. European Political Science Review, 10(2), 267-289. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773917000108
Lawrence, M.G., Schäfer, S., Muri, H., Scott, V., Oschlies, A., Vaughan, N.E., … Scheffran, J. (2018). Evaluating climate geoengineering proposals in the context of the Paris Agreement temperature goals. Nature Communications, 9(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05938-3
Leiserowitz, A.A. (2005). American risk perceptions: Is climate change dangerous? Risk Analysis, 25(6), 1433-1442.
Lenton, T. M., Held, H., Kriegler, E., Hall, J. W., Lucht, W., Rahmstorf, S., & Schellnhuber, H. J. (2008). Tipping elements in the Earth's climate system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 105, 1786-1793. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705414105
Liow, K. H., Liao, W.-C., & Huang, Y. (2018). Dynamics of international spillovers and interaction: Evidence from financial market stress and economic policy uncertainty. Economic Modelling, 68, 96-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2017.06.012.
Löfstedt, R. E. (2005). Risk management in post-trust societies. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230503946
Lucas, K., & Renn, O. (2020). Systemic risks: Intersections between science and society with policy implications for sustainability. International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, 23(2), 556107. https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2020.23.556107
Lucas, K., Renn, O., & Jaeger, C. (2018). Systemic risks: Theory and mathematical modeling. Advanced Theory and Simulations, 1(11), 1800051. https://doi.org/10.1002/adts.201800051
Mair, P. (2013). Ruling the void. The hollowing of western democracy. London, UK: Verso.
Markowitz, E., & Shariff, A. (2012). Climate change and moral judgement. Nature Climate Change, 2, 243-247. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1378
Mathew, S., & Perreault, C. (2015). Behavioural variation in 172 small-scale societies indicates that social learning is the main mode of human adaptation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282(1810), 20150061. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0061
Mattheiß, T., Weimann, C., Löb, C., Rauhew, K., Barthsc, K., Roth, F. S., … Vorderer, P. (2013). Political learning through entertainment - Only an illusion? How motivations for watching TV political talk shows influence viewers’ experiences. Journal of Media Psychology, 25, 171-179. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000100.
Mattor, K., Betsill, M., Huayhuaca, C., Huber-Stearns, H., Jedd, T., Sternlieb, F., … Luizza, M., Cheng, A. S. (2014). Transdisciplinary research on environmental governance: A view from the inside. Environmental Science & Policy, 42, 90-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2014.06.002
Maxim, L., Mansier, P., & Grabar, N. (2013). Public reception of scientific uncertainty in the endocrine disrupter controversy: The case of male fertility. Journal of Risk Research, 16(6), 677-695. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2012.726245
Mayer, A., & Smith, E. K. (2019). Unstoppable climate change? The influence of fatalistic beliefs about climate change on behavioural change and willingness to pay cross-nationally. Climate Policy, 19(4), 511-523. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2018.1532872
McIntyre, L. (2018). Post-truth. In Post-truth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11483.001.0001
McMaster, C., & Lee, C. (1991). Cognitive dissonance in tobacco smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 16(5), 349-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(91)90028-G
McMillan, C., & Overall, J. (2016). Wicked problems: Turning strategic management upside down. Journal of Business Strategy, 37(1), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-11-2014-0129
Michotte, A. (1963). The perception of causality. New York, NY: Routledge.
Millstone, E., & van Zwanenberg, P. (2000). A crisis of trust: For science, scientists or for institutions? Nature Medicine, 6, 1307-1308. https://doi.org/10.1038/82102
Nahari, G., Glicksohn, J., & Nachson, I. (2010). Credibility judgments of narratives: Language, plausibility, and absorption. American Journal of Psychology, 123(3), 319-335. https://doi.org/10.5406/amerjpsyc.123.3.0319
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2017). Using 21st century science to improve risk-related evaluations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/24635
Ng, Y. J., Yang, J., & Vishwanath, A. (2018). To fear or not to fear? Applying the social amplification of risk framework on two environmental health risks in Singapore. Journal of Risk Research, 21(12), 1487-1501. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2017.1313762
Niederdeppe, J. (2008). Beyond knowledge gaps: Examining socioeconomic differences in response to cancer news. Human Communication Research, 34, 423-447.
Niemeyer, S. (2011). The emancipatory effect of deliberation: Empirical lessons from mini-publics. Politics & Society, 39(1), 103-140.
O'Keefe, D. J. (2008). Elaboration likelihood model. In W. Donsbach (Ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Communication. 4, 1475-1480. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J.T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. In R. E. Petty & J. T. Vacioppo (Eds.), Communication and persuasion (pp. 1-24). Springer Series in Social Psychology. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4964-1_1
Pharr, S. J., Putnam, R. D., & Dalton, R. J. (2000). A quarter-century of declining confidence. Journal of Democracy, 11(2), 5-25. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2000.0043
Pidgeon, N., Kasperson, R. E., & Slovic, P. (Eds.). (2003). The Social Amplification of Risk. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511550461
Poortinga, W., & Pidgeon, N. F. (2003). Exploring the dimensionality of trust in risk regulation. Risk Analysis, 23(5), 961-972. https://doi.org/10.1111/1539-6924.00373
Poortinga, W., Whitmarsh, L., Steg, L., Böhm, G., & Fisher, S. (2019). Climate change perceptions and their individual-level determinants: A cross-European analysis. Global Environmental Change, 55, 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.01.007
Raue, M., & Scholl, S. G. (2018). The use of heuristics in decision making under risk and uncertainty. In M. Laue, E. Lermer, & B. Streicher (Eds.), Psychological perspectives on risk and risk analysis -Theory, models and applications (pp. 177-201). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030500227792
Renn, O. (2019). Gefühlte Wahrheiten. Opladen, Germany: Barbara Budrich. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjk2xkb
Renn, O. (2014). Das Risikoparadox. Warum wir uns vor dem Falschen fürchten. Frankfurt/Main, Germany: Fischer.
Renn, O. (2011). The social amplification/attenuation of risk framework: Application to climate change. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 1(1), 154-169. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.99
Renn, O. (2010). The contribution of different types of knowledge towards understanding, sharing and communication risk concepts. Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies, 2(2), 177-195. https://doi.org/10.1386/cjcs.2.2.177_1
Renn, O. (2006). Risk communication - Consumers between information and irritation. Journal of Risk Research, 9(8), 833-850.
Renn, O. (2005). Risk perception and communication: Lessons for the food and food packaging industry. Food Additives and Contaminants, 22(10), 1061-1071.
Renn, O. (1991). Risk communication and the social amplification of risk. In R. E. Kasperson & P. J. M. Stallen (Eds.), Communicating risks to the public: International perspectives (pp. 287-324). Luxembourg, Luxembourg: Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1952-5_14
Renn, O., Burns, W. J., Kasperson, J. X., Kasperson, R. E., & Slovic, P. (1992). The social amplification of risk: Theoretical foundations and empirical applications. Journal of Social Issues, 48(4), 137-160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb01949.x
Renn, O., Laubichler, M., Lucas, K., Schanze, J., Scholz, R., & Schweizer, P.-J. (2020). Systemic risks from different perspectives. Risk Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13657
Renn, O., Lucas, K., Haas, A., & Jaeger, C. (2017). Things are different today: The challenge of global systemic risks. Journal of Risk Research, 22(4), 401-415. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2017.1409252
Renn, O., & Schweizer, P.-J. (2020). Inclusive governance for energy policy making: Conceptual foundations, applications, and lessons learned. In O. Renn, F. Ulmer, & A. Deckert (Eds.), The role of public participation in energy transitions (pp. 39-79). London, UK: Elsevier Academic Press.
Renn, O., & Schweizer, P.-J. (2009). Inclusive risk governance: Concepts and application to environmental policy making. Environmental Policy and Governance, 19(3), 174-185. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.507
Roach, B. (1986). Decision theatre: Curtain going up on an innovative approach to management education. Business Horizons, 29, 70-77.
Ropeik, D. (2010). How risky is it really? why our fears don't always match the facts. New York, NY: Mac Graw Hill.
Rosa, E. A., Diekmann, A., Dietz, T., & Jaeger, C. (2010). Human footprints on the global environment: Threats to sustainability. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Sadiq, A.-A., Tharp, K., Graham, J. D., & Tyler, J. (2016). Temporal stability and changes in risk perception rankings of hazardous activities. Journal of Risk Research, 22(1), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2017.1351474
Schweizer, P.-J. (2021). Systemic risks-concepts and challenges for risk governance. Journal of Risk Research, 24(1), 78-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2019.1687574
Seneviratne, S. I., Nicholls, N., Easterling, D., Goodess, C. M., Kanae, S., Kossin, J., …, Zhan, X. (2012). Changes in climate extremes and their impacts on the natural physical environment. In C. B. Field, V. Barros, T. F. Stocker, D. Qin, D. J. Dokken, K. L. Ebi, M. D. Mastrandrea, K. J. Mach, G. -K. Plattner, S. K. Allen, M. Tignor, P. M. Midgley (Eds.), Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation (pp. 109-230). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Siegrist, M. (2021). Trust and risk perception: A critical review of the literature. Risk Analysis, 41(3), 480-490.
Siegrist, M., & Arvai, J. (2020). Risk perception: Reflections on 40 years of research. Risk Analysis, 40(11), 2191-2206. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13599
Siegrist, M., & Cvetkovich, G. (2000). Perception of hazards: The role of social trust and knowledge. Risk Analysis, 20(5), 713-720.
Slovic, P. (1987). Perception of risk. Science, 236(4799), 280-285. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3563507
Slovic, P., Finucane, M. L., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D. G. (2004). Risk as analysis and risk as feelings: Some thoughts about affect, reason, risk, and rationality. Risk Analysis, 24(2), 311-322.
Smith, E. K., & Mayer, A. (2018). A social trap for the climate? Collective action, trust and climate change risk perception in 35 countries. Global Environmental Change, 49, 140-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.02.014
Squires, H., & Renn, O. (2011). Can participatory modeling support social learning in marine fisheries? Reflections from the invest in fish South West project. Environmental Policy and Governance, 21(6), 403-416.
Spiegelhalter, D. (2017). Risk and uncertainty communication. Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application, 4(1), 31-60. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-statistics-010814-020148
Sword-Daniels, V., Eriksen, C., Hudson-Doyle, E. E., Alaniz, R., Adler, C., Schenk, T., & Vallance, S. (2018). Embodied uncertainty: Living with complexity and natural hazards. Journal of Risk Research, 21(3), 290-307. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2016.1200659
Urbinati, N. (2019). Political theory of populism. Annual Review of Political Science, 22(1), 111-127.
van der Meer, T. W. G. (2017). Political trust and the “crisis of democracy.” In Oxford research encyclopedia of politics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.77
Webler, T., Tuler, S. P., Goble, R. L., & Schweizer, P. J. (2015). Characterizing landscapes of regional risk governance. International Journal of Performability Engineering, 11(6), 605-618.
Williams, D. J., & Noyes, J. M. (2007). How does our perception of risk influence decision-making? Implications for the design of risk information. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 8(1), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/14639220500484419
World Health Organization (WHO) (2019). WHO methods and data sources for life tables 1990-2019. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/gho-documents/global-health-estimates/ghe2019_life-table-methods.pdf?sfvrsn=c433c229_5, accessed February 26, 2021.
Yarchi, M., Baden, C., & Kligler-Vilenchik, N. (2020). Political polarization on the digital sphere: A cross-platform, over-time analysis of interactional, positional, and affective polarization on social media, Political Communication, 38(1-2), 98-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2020.1785067

Auteurs

Pia-Johanna Schweizer (PJ)

Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Potsdam, Germany.

Robert Goble (R)

Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA.

Ortwin Renn (O)

Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Potsdam, Germany.

Articles similaires

Humans Australia Female Male Adult
China Humans Mass Media Risk Management

Athlete Portraits in News: Influence of Media Representation and Gender on Social Perception.

Antonio Herrera, M Dolores Sánchez-Hernández, M Carmen Herrera et al.
1.00
Humans Female Male Athletes Adult
Humans Risk Management Curriculum Literacy Disaster Planning

Classifications MeSH