[Research Progress of in Vitro Experiment of Allergic Transfusion Reaction for Plasma Transfusion and Its Relative Mechanism---Review].

Allergic transfusion reaction (ATR) caused by plasma transfusion is one of the main adverse transfusion reactions, and severe allergic reactions may even endanger the patient's life. Currently, ATR is mainly prevented and controlled by drug prevention and symptomatic treatment, and there still lack of preventive measures such as in vitro experiments. It has been shown that mast cells and basophils are the main effector cells of allergic reactions, and histamine is one of the main mediators of IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Some experiments can be used to identify patients with allergies or plasma components containing allergens, such as detection of serum-specific IgE, IgA, anti-IgA antibody, tryptase and histamine, mast cell degranulation test, basophil activation test, and so on. The basophil activation test can also be used for functional matching of plasma in vitro. Research of in vitro experiment of ATR is good for directing the precise infusion of plasma, reducing waste of resources, and avoiding the risk of blood transfusion. As a pre-transfusion laboratory test for clinical use, in vitro experiment of functional matching provides a new way to prevent ATR. 血浆输注过敏性输血反应发生机制及体外试验研究进展. 输注血浆引起的过敏性输血反应（ATR）是输血主要不良反应之一，严重过敏反应甚至危及患者生命。目前，主要通过输血前药物预防和过敏后对症治疗进行防治，还缺乏体外试验等预防措施。研究表明，肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞是过敏反应的主要效应细胞，组胺是IgE介导过敏反应的主要介质之一。血清特异性IgE检测、IgA和抗IgA抗体检测、类胰蛋白酶和组胺检测、肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞活化试验等可用于识别过敏体质患者或含有过敏原的血浆成分，嗜碱性粒细胞活化试验还可用于血浆体外功能性匹配。建立ATR体外试验有利于指导血浆精准输注、减少资源浪费和避免输血风险，体外功能性匹配试验或将作为输血前实验室检测应用于临床，为预防ATR提供新的思路。.