Validation of Global Diet Quality Score Among Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age in India: Findings from the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study (APCAPS) and the Indian Migration Study (IMS).
Adolescent
Adult
Anthropometry
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diet
/ trends
Diet Surveys
Diet, Healthy
Dietary Fats
/ administration & dosage
Eating
Feeding Behavior
Female
Health Status
Humans
India
Malnutrition
/ prevention & control
Micronutrients
/ administration & dosage
Middle Aged
Nutrition Assessment
Young Adult
GDQS
India
South Asia
diet quality metrics
dietary diversity
double burden of malnutrition
noncommunicable diseases
nutrient adequacy
nutrition transition
nutritional epidemiology
Journal
The Journal of nutrition
ISSN: 1541-6100
Titre abrégé: J Nutr
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0404243
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
23 10 2021
23 10 2021
Historique:
received:
03
03
2021
revised:
28
05
2021
accepted:
11
06
2021
entrez:
24
10
2021
pubmed:
25
10
2021
medline:
11
11
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
In India, there is a need to monitor population-level trends in changes in diet quality in relation to both undernutrition and noncommunicable diseases. We conducted a study to validate a novel diet quality score in southern India. We included data from 3041 nonpregnant women of reproductive age (15-49 years) from 2 studies in India. Diet was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) was calculated from 25 food groups (16 healthy; 9 unhealthy), with points for each group based on the frequency and quantity of items consumed in each group. We used Spearman correlations to examine correlations between the GDQS and several nutrient intakes of concern. We examined associations between the GDQS [overall, healthy (GDQS+), and unhealthy (GDQS-) submetrics] and overall nutrient adequacy, micro- and macronutrients, body mass index (BMI), midupper arm circumference, hemoglobin, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol (TC). The mean GDQS was 23 points (SD, 3.6; maximum, 46.5). In energy-adjusted models, positive associations were found between the overall GDQS and GDQS+ and intakes of calcium, fiber, folate, iron, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), protein, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), saturated fatty acid (SFA), total fat, and zinc (ρ = 0.12-0.39; P < 0.001). Quintile analyses showed that the GDQS was associated with better nutrient adequacy. At the same time, the GDQS was associated with higher TC, lower HDL, and higher BMI. We found no associations between the GDQS and hypertension. The GDQS was a useful tool for reflecting overall nutrient adequacy and some lipid measures. Future studies are needed to refine the GDQS for populations who consume large amounts of unhealthy foods, like refined grains, along with healthy foods included in the GDQS.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
In India, there is a need to monitor population-level trends in changes in diet quality in relation to both undernutrition and noncommunicable diseases.
OBJECTIVES
We conducted a study to validate a novel diet quality score in southern India.
METHODS
We included data from 3041 nonpregnant women of reproductive age (15-49 years) from 2 studies in India. Diet was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) was calculated from 25 food groups (16 healthy; 9 unhealthy), with points for each group based on the frequency and quantity of items consumed in each group. We used Spearman correlations to examine correlations between the GDQS and several nutrient intakes of concern. We examined associations between the GDQS [overall, healthy (GDQS+), and unhealthy (GDQS-) submetrics] and overall nutrient adequacy, micro- and macronutrients, body mass index (BMI), midupper arm circumference, hemoglobin, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol (TC).
RESULTS
The mean GDQS was 23 points (SD, 3.6; maximum, 46.5). In energy-adjusted models, positive associations were found between the overall GDQS and GDQS+ and intakes of calcium, fiber, folate, iron, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), protein, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), saturated fatty acid (SFA), total fat, and zinc (ρ = 0.12-0.39; P < 0.001). Quintile analyses showed that the GDQS was associated with better nutrient adequacy. At the same time, the GDQS was associated with higher TC, lower HDL, and higher BMI. We found no associations between the GDQS and hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS
The GDQS was a useful tool for reflecting overall nutrient adequacy and some lipid measures. Future studies are needed to refine the GDQS for populations who consume large amounts of unhealthy foods, like refined grains, along with healthy foods included in the GDQS.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34689191
pii: S0022-3166(22)00475-8
doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab217
pmc: PMC8564710
doi:
Substances chimiques
Dietary Fats
0
Micronutrients
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Study
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
101S-109SSubventions
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 070797
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 083707
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 084754
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition 2021.
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