Effect of Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Mortality in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Journal
Diabetes care
ISSN: 1935-5548
Titre abrégé: Diabetes Care
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7805975
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2021
12 2021
Historique:
received:
14
05
2021
accepted:
20
09
2021
pubmed:
27
10
2021
medline:
8
3
2022
entrez:
26
10
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
To determine whether metformin or lifestyle modification can lower rates of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. From 1996 to 1999, 3,234 adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes were randomized to an intensive lifestyle intervention, masked metformin, or placebo. Placebo and lifestyle interventions stopped in 2001, and a modified lifestyle program was offered to everyone, but unmasked study metformin continued in those originally randomized. Causes of deaths through 31 December 2018 were adjudicated by blinded reviews. All-cause and cause-specific mortality hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazards regression models and Fine-Gray models, respectively. Over a median of 21 years (interquartile range 20-21), 453 participants died. Cancer was the leading cause of death ( Cancer was the leading cause of mortality among adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Although metformin and lifestyle modification prevented diabetes, neither strategy reduced all-cause, cancer, or cardiovascular mortality rates.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34697033
pii: dc21-1046
doi: 10.2337/dc21-1046
pmc: PMC8669534
doi:
Substances chimiques
Hypoglycemic Agents
0
Metformin
9100L32L2N
Banques de données
ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT00004992', 'NCT00038727']
figshare
['10.2337/figshare.16652587']
Types de publication
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2775-2782Subventions
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048412
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048375
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048434
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048413
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : P30 DK079626
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048468
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048387
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048404
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : K23 DK114550
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048377
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048407
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048437
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048406
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048397
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048381
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : P30 DK111022
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048339
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048514
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048485
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048411
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : P30 DK020541
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048443
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048380
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048400
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048489
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK048349
Pays : United States
Investigateurs
George A Bray
(GA)
Kishore M Gadde
(KM)
Iris W Culbert
(IW)
Jennifer Arceneaux
(J)
Annie Chatellier
(A)
Amber Dragg
(A)
Catherine M Champagne
(CM)
Crystal Duncan
(C)
Barbara Eberhardt
(B)
Frank Greenway
(F)
Fonda G Guillory
(FG)
April A Herbert
(AA)
Michael L Jeffirs
(ML)
Betty M Kennedy
(BM)
Erma Levy
(E)
Monica Lockett
(M)
Jennifer C Lovejoy
(JC)
Laura H Morris
(LH)
Lee E Melancon
(LE)
Donna H Ryan
(DH)
Deborah A Sanford
(DA)
Kenneth G Smith
(KG)
Lisa L Smith
(LL)
Julia A St Amant
(JA)
Richard T Tulley
(RT)
Paula C Vicknair
(PC)
Donald Williamson
(D)
Jeffery J Zachwieja
(JJ)
Kenneth S Polonsky
(KS)
Janet Tobian
(J)
David A Ehrmann
(DA)
Margaret J Matulik
(MJ)
Karla A Temple
(KA)
Bart Clark
(B)
Kirsten Czech
(K)
Catherine DeSandre
(C)
Brittnie Dotson
(B)
Ruthanne Hilbrich
(R)
Wylie McNabb
(W)
Ann R Semenske
(AR)
Jose F Caro
(JF)
Kevin Furlong
(K)
Barry J Goldstein
(BJ)
Pamela G Watson
(PG)
Kellie A Smith
(KA)
Jewel Mendoza
(J)
Marsha Simmons
(M)
Wendi Wildman
(W)
Renee Liberoni
(R)
John Spandorfer
(J)
Constance Pepe
(C)
Richard P Donahue
(RP)
Ronald B Goldberg
(RB)
Ronald Prineas
(R)
Jeanette Calles
(J)
Anna Giannella
(A)
Patricia Rowe
(P)
Juliet Sanguily
(J)
Paul Cassanova-Romero
(P)
Sumaya Castillo-Florez
(S)
Hermes J Florez
(HJ)
Rajesh Garg
(R)
Lascelles Kirby
(L)
Olga Lara
(O)
Carmen Larreal
(C)
Valerie McLymont
(V)
Jadell Mendez
(J)
Arlette Perry
(A)
Patrice Saab
(P)
Bertha Veciana
(B)
Steven M Haffner
(SM)
Helen P Hazuda
(HP)
Maria G Montez
(MG)
Kathy Hattaway
(K)
Juan Isaac
(J)
Carlos Lorenzo
(C)
Arlene Martinez
(A)
Monica Salazar
(M)
Tatiana Walker
(T)
Dana Dabelea
(D)
Richard F Hamman
(RF)
Patricia V Nash
(PV)
Sheila C Steinke
(SC)
Lisa Testaverde
(L)
Jennifer Truong
(J)
Denise R Anderson
(DR)
Larry B Ballonoff
(LB)
Alexis Bouffard
(A)
Brian Bucca
(B)
B Ned Calonge
(BN)
Lynne Delve
(L)
Martha Farago
(M)
James O Hill
(JO)
Shelley R Hoyer
(SR)
Tonya Jenkins
(T)
Bonnie T Jortberg
(BT)
Dione Lenz
(D)
Marsha Miller
(M)
Thomas Nilan
(T)
Leigh Perreault
(L)
David W Price
(DW)
Judith G Regensteiner
(JG)
Emily B Schroeder
(EB)
Helen Seagle
(H)
Carissa M Smith
(CM)
Brent VanDorsten
(B)
Edward S Horton
(ES)
Medha Munshi
(M)
Kathleen E Lawton
(KE)
Sharon D Jackson
(SD)
Catherine S Poirier
(CS)
Kati Swift
(K)
Ronald A Arky
(RA)
Marybeth Bryant
(M)
Jacqueline P Burke
(JP)
Enrique Caballero
(E)
Karen M Callaphan
(KM)
Barbara Fargnoli
(B)
Therese Franklin
(T)
Om P Ganda
(OP)
Ashley Guidi
(A)
Mathew Guido
(M)
Alan M Jacobsen
(AM)
Lyn M Kula
(LM)
Margaret Kocal
(M)
Lori Lambert
(L)
Kathleen E Lawton
(KE)
Sarah Ledbury
(S)
Maureen A Malloy
(MA)
Roeland J W Middelbeek
(RJW)
Maryanne Nicosia
(M)
Cathryn F Oldmixon
(CF)
Jocelyn Pan
(J)
Marizel Quitingon
(M)
Riley Rainville
(R)
Stacy Rubtchinsky
(S)
Ellen W Seely
(EW)
Jessica Sansoucy
(J)
Dana Schweizer
(D)
Donald Simonson
(D)
Fannie Smith
(F)
Caren G Solomon
(CG)
Jeanne Spellman
(J)
James Warram
(J)
Steven E Kahn
(SE)
Basma Fattaleh
(B)
Brenda K Montgomery
(BK)
Celeste Colegrove
(C)
Wilfred Fujimoto
(W)
Robert H Knopp
(RH)
Edward W Lipkin
(EW)
Michelle Marr
(M)
Ivy Morgan-Taggart
(I)
Anne Murillo
(A)
Kayla O'Neal
(K)
Dace Trence
(D)
Lonnese Taylor
(L)
April Thomas
(A)
Elaine C Tsai
(EC)
Samuel Dagogo-Jack
(S)
Abbas E Kitabchi
(AE)
Mary E Murphy
(ME)
Laura Taylor
(L)
Jennifer Dolgoff
(J)
William B Applegate
(WB)
Michael Bryer-Ash
(M)
Debra Clark
(D)
Sandra L Frieson
(SL)
Uzoma Ibebuogu
(U)
Raed Imseis
(R)
Helen Lambeth
(H)
Lynne C Lichtermann
(LC)
Hooman Oktaei
(H)
Harriet Ricks
(H)
Lily M K Rutledge
(LMK)
Amy R Sherman
(AR)
Clara M Smith
(CM)
Judith E Soberman
(JE)
Beverly Williams-Cleaves
(B)
Avnisha Patel
(A)
Ebenezer A Nyenwe
(EA)
Ethel Faye Hampton
(EF)
Boyd E Metzger
(BE)
Mark E Molitch
(ME)
Mariana K Johnson
(MK)
Daphne T Adelman
(DT)
Catherine Behrends
(C)
Michelle Cook
(M)
Marian Fitzgibbon
(M)
Mimi M Giles
(MM)
Deloris Heard
(D)
Cheryl K H Johnson
(CKH)
Diane Larsen
(D)
Anne Lowe
(A)
Megan Lyman
(M)
David McPherson
(D)
Samsam C Penn
(SC)
Thomas Pitts
(T)
Renee Reinhart
(R)
Susan Roston
(S)
Pamela A Schinleber
(PA)
Amisha Wallia
(A)
David M Nathan
(DM)
Charles McKitrick
(C)
Heather Turgeon
(H)
Mary Larkin
(M)
Marielle Mugford
(M)
Kathy Abbott
(K)
Ellen Anderson
(E)
Laurie Bissett
(L)
Kristy Bondi
(K)
Enrico Cagliero
(E)
Jose C Florez
(JC)
Linda Delahanty
(L)
Valerie Goldman
(V)
Elaine Grassa
(E)
Lindsery Gurry
(L)
Kali D'Anna
(K)
Fernelle Leandre
(F)
Peter Lou
(P)
Alexandra Poulos
(A)
Elyse Raymond
(E)
Valerie Ripley
(V)
Christine Stevens
(C)
Beverly Tseng
(B)
Jerrold M Olefsky
(JM)
Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
(E)
Sunder Mudaliar
(S)
Maria Rosario Araneta
(M)
Mary Lou Carrion-Petersen
(ML)
Karen Vejvoda
(K)
Sarah Bassiouni
(S)
Madeline Beltran
(M)
Lauren N Claravall
(LN)
Jonalle M Dowden
(JM)
Steven V Edelman
(SV)
Pranav Garimella
(P)
Robert R Henry
(RR)
Javiva Horne
(J)
Marycie Lamkin
(M)
Simona Szerdi Janesch
(S)
Diana Leos
(D)
William Polonsky
(W)
Rosa Ruiz
(R)
Jean Smith
(J)
Jennifer Torio-Hurley
(J)
F Xavier Pi-Sunyer
(FX)
Blandine Laferrere
(B)
Jane E Lee
(JE)
Susan Hagamen
(S)
David B Allison
(DB)
Nnenna Agharanya
(N)
Nancy J Aronoff
(NJ)
Maria Baldo
(M)
Jill P Crandall
(JP)
Sandra T Foo
(ST)
Kim Kelly-Dinham
(K)
Jose A Luchsinger
(JA)
Carmen Pal
(C)
Kathy Parkes
(K)
Mary Beth Pena
(MB)
Ellen S Rooney
(ES)
Gretchen E H Van Wye
(GEH)
Kristine A Viscovich
(KA)
Mary de Groot
(M)
David G Marrero
(DG)
Kieren J Mather
(KJ)
Melvin J Prince
(MJ)
Susie M Kelly
(SM)
Marcia A Jackson
(MA)
Gina McAtee
(G)
Paula Putenney
(P)
Ronald T Ackermann
(RT)
Carolyn M Cantrell
(CM)
Yolanda F Dotson
(YF)
Edwin S Fineberg
(ES)
Megan Fultz
(M)
John C Guare
(JC)
Angela Hadden
(A)
James M Ignaut
(JM)
Marion S Kirkman
(MS)
Erin O'Kelly Phillips
(E)
Kisha L Pinner
(KL)
Beverly D Porter
(BD)
Paris J Roach
(PJ)
Nancy D Rowland
(ND)
Madelyn L Wheeler
(ML)
Vanita Aroda
(V)
Michelle Magee
(M)
Robert E Ratner
(RE)
Gretchen Youssef
(G)
Sue Shapiro
(S)
Natalie Andon
(N)
Catherine Bavido-Arrage
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Holly Love Burkott
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Wayman W Cheatham
(WW)
Susan Cola
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Lilia Leon
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Milvia Lagarda
(M)
Claresa Levatan
(C)
Milajurine Lindsay
(M)
Asha K Nair
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Jean Park
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Angela Silverman
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Gabriel Uwaifo
(G)
Debra Wells-Thayer
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Renee Wiggins
(R)
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Karol Watson
(K)
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Sujata Jinagouda
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Medhat Botrous
(M)
Anthony Sosa
(A)
Sameh Tadros
(S)
Khan Akbar
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Amer Rassam
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Debra Waters
(D)
Kathy Xapthalamous
(K)
Julio V Santiago
(JV)
Samuel Dagogo-Jack
(S)
Neil H White
(NH)
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(AL)
Samia Das
(S)
Prajakta Khare-Ranade
(P)
Tamara Stich
(T)
Ana Santiago
(A)
Edwin Fisher
(E)
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(E)
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(T)
Michelle Kerr
(M)
Lucy Ryder
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(C)
Sherita Hill Golden
(S)
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(CD)
Vanessa Bradley
(V)
Emily Sullivan
(E)
Tracy Whittington
(T)
Caroline Abbas
(C)
Adrienne Allen
(A)
Frederick L Brancati
(FL)
Sharon Cappelli
(S)
Jeanne M Clark
(JM)
Jeanne B Charleston
(JB)
Janice Freel
(J)
Katherine Horak
(K)
Alicia Greene
(A)
Dawn Jiggetts
(D)
Deloris Johnson
(D)
Hope Joseph
(H)
Kimberly Loman
(K)
Nestoras Mathioudakis
(N)
Henry Mosley
(H)
John Reusing
(J)
Richard R Rubin
(RR)
Alafia Samuels
(A)
Thomas Shields
(T)
Shawne Stephens
(S)
Kerry J Stewart
(KJ)
LeeLana Thomas
(L)
Evonne Utsey
(E)
Paula Williamson
(P)
David S Schade
(DS)
Karwyn S Adams
(KS)
Janene L Canady
(JL)
Carolyn Johannes
(C)
Claire Hemphill
(C)
Penny Hyde
(P)
Leslie F Atler
(LF)
Patrick J Boyle
(PJ)
Mark R Burge
(MR)
Lisa Chai
(L)
Kathleen Colleran
(K)
Ateka Fondino
(A)
Ysela Gonzales
(Y)
Doris A Hernandez-McGinnis
(DA)
Patricia Katz
(P)
Carolyn King
(C)
Julia Middendorf
(J)
Amer Rassam
(A)
Sofya Rubinchik
(S)
Willette Senter
(W)
Debra Waters
(D)
Jill Crandall
(J)
Harry Shamoon
(H)
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(JO)
Gilda Trandafirescu
(G)
Danielle Powell
(D)
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(E)
Liane Cox
(L)
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(H)
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(S)
Allison Friedler
(A)
Angela Goldstein
(A)
Crystal J Howard-Century
(CJ)
Jennifer Lukin
(J)
Stacey Kloiber
(S)
Nadege Longchamp
(N)
Helen Martinez
(H)
Dorothy Pompi
(D)
Jonathan Scheindlin
(J)
Elissa Violino
(E)
Elizabeth A Walker
(EA)
Judith Wylie-Rosett
(J)
Elise Zimmerman
(E)
Joel Zonszein
(J)
Trevor Orchard
(T)
Elizabeth Venditti
(E)
Rena R Wing
(RR)
Susan Jeffries
(S)
Gaye Koenning
(G)
M Kaye Kramer
(MK)
Marie Smith
(M)
Susan Barr
(S)
Catherine Benchoff
(C)
Miriam Boraz
(M)
Lisa Clifford
(L)
Rebecca Culyba
(R)
Marlene Frazier
(M)
Ryan Gilligan
(R)
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Susan Harrier
(S)
Louann Harris
(L)
Andrea Kriska
(A)
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(Q)
Monica Mullen
(M)
Alicia Noel
(A)
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(A)
Jessica Pettigrew
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(B)
Debra Rubinstein
(D)
Linda Semler
(L)
Cheryl F Smith
(CF)
Valarie Weinzierl
(V)
Katherine V Williams
(KV)
Tara Wilson
(T)
Marjorie K Mau
(MK)
Narleen K Baker-Ladao
(NK)
John S Melish
(JS)
Richard F Arakaki
(RF)
Renee W Latimer
(RW)
Mae K Isonaga
(MK)
Ralph Beddow
(R)
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(NE)
Lorna Dias
(L)
Jillian Inouye
(J)
Kathy Mikami
(K)
Pharis Mohideen
(P)
Sharon K Odom
(SK)
Raynette U Perry
(RU)
Robin E Yamamoto
(RE)
William C Knowler
(WC)
Harelda Anderson
(H)
Norman Cooeyate
(N)
Charlotte Dodge
(C)
Mary A Hoskin
(MA)
Carol A Percy
(CA)
Alvera Enote
(A)
Camille Natewa
(C)
Kelly J Acton
(KJ)
Vickie L Andre
(VL)
Rosalyn Barber
(R)
Shandiin Begay
(S)
Peter H Bennett
(PH)
Mary Beth Benson
(MB)
Evelyn C Bird
(EC)
Brenda A Broussard
(BA)
Brian C Bucca
(BC)
Marcella Chavez
(M)
Sherron Cook
(S)
Jeff Curtis
(J)
Matthew S Doughty
(MS)
Roberta Duncan
(R)
Cyndy Edgerton
(C)
Jacqueline M Ghahate
(JM)
Justin Glass
(J)
Martia Glass
(M)
Dorothy Gohdes
(D)
Wendy Grant
(W)
Robert L Hanson
(RL)
Ellie Horse
(E)
Louise E Ingraham
(LE)
Merry Jackson
(M)
Priscilla Jay
(P)
Roylen S Kaskalla
(RS)
Karen Kavena
(K)
David Kessler
(D)
Kathleen M Kobus
(KM)
Jonathan Krakoff
(J)
Jason Kurland
(J)
Catherine Manus
(C)
Cherie McCabe
(C)
Sara Michaels
(S)
Tina Morgan
(T)
Yolanda Nashboo
(Y)
Julie A Nelson
(JA)
Steven Poirier
(S)
Evette Polczynski
(E)
Christopher Piromalli
(C)
Mike Reidy
(M)
Jeanine Roumain
(J)
Debra Rowse
(D)
Robert J Roy
(RJ)
Sandra Sangster
(S)
Janet Sewenemewa
(J)
Miranda Smart
(M)
Chelsea Spencer
(C)
Darryl Tonemah
(D)
Rachel Williams
(R)
Charlton Wilson
(C)
Michelle Yazzie
(M)
Raymond Bain
(R)
Sarah Fowler
(S)
Marinella Temprosa
(M)
Michael D Larsen
(MD)
Tina Brenneman
(T)
Sharon L Edelstein
(SL)
Solome Abebe
(S)
Julie Bamdad
(J)
Melanie Barkalow
(M)
Joel Bethepu
(J)
Tsedenia Bezabeh
(T)
Anna Bowers
(A)
Nicole Butler
(N)
Jackie Callaghan
(J)
Caitlin E Carter
(CE)
Costas Christophi
(C)
Gregory M Dwyer
(GM)
Mary Foulkes
(M)
Yuping Gao
(Y)
Robert Gooding
(R)
Adrienne Gottlieb
(A)
Kristina L Grimes
(KL)
Nisha Grover-Fairchild
(N)
Lori Haffner
(L)
Heather Hoffman
(H)
Kathleen Jablonski
(K)
Steve Jones
(S)
Tara L Jones
(TL)
Richard Katz
(R)
Preethy Kolinjivadi
(P)
John M Lachin
(JM)
Yong Ma
(Y)
Pamela Mucik
(P)
Robert Orlosky
(R)
Qing Pan
(Q)
Susan Reamer
(S)
James Rochon
(J)
Alla Sapozhnikova
(A)
Hanna Sherif
(H)
Charlotte Stimpson
(C)
Ashley Hogan Tjaden
(A)
Fredricka Walker-Murray
(F)
Elizabeth M Venditti
(EM)
Andrea M Kriska
(AM)
Linda Semler
(L)
Valerie Weinzierl
(V)
Santica Marcovina
(S)
F Alan Aldrich
(FA)
Jessica Harting
(J)
John Albers
(J)
Greg Strylewicz
(G)
R Eastman
(R)
Judith Fradkin
(J)
Sanford Garfield
(S)
Christine Lee
(C)
Edward Gregg
(E)
Ping Zhang
(P)
Dan O'Leary
(D)
Gregory Evans
(G)
Matthew Budoff
(M)
Chris Dailing
(C)
Elizabeth Stamm
(E)
Ann Schwartz
(A)
Caroline Navy
(C)
Lisa Palermo
(L)
Pentti Rautaharju
(P)
Ronald J Prineas
(RJ)
Teresa Alexander
(T)
Charles Campbell
(C)
Sharon Hall
(S)
Yabing Li
(Y)
Margaret Mills
(M)
Nancy Pemberton
(N)
Farida Rautaharju
(F)
Zhuming Zhang
(Z)
Elsayed Z Soliman
(EZ)
Julie Hu
(J)
Susan Hensley
(S)
Lisa Keasler
(L)
Tonya Taylor
(T)
Barbara Blodi
(B)
Ronald Danis
(R)
Matthew Davis
(M)
Larry Hubbard
(L)
Ryan Endres
(R)
Deborah Elsas
(D)
Samantha Johnson
(S)
Dawn Myers
(D)
Nancy Barrett
(N)
Heather Baumhauer
(H)
Wendy Benz
(W)
Holly Cohn
(H)
Ellie Corkery
(E)
Kristi Dohm
(K)
Amitha Domalpally
(A)
Vonnie Gama
(V)
Anne Goulding
(A)
Andy Ewen
(A)
Cynthia Hurtenbach
(C)
Daniel Lawrence
(D)
Kyle McDaniel
(K)
Jeong Pak
(J)
James Reimers
(J)
Ruth Shaw
(R)
Maria Swift
(M)
Pamela Vargo
(P)
Sheila Watson
(S)
Jose A Luchsinger
(JA)
Jennifer Manly
(J)
Elizabeth Mayer-Davis
(E)
Robert R Moran
(RR)
Ted Ganiats
(T)
Kristin David
(K)
Andrew J Sarkin
(AJ)
Erik Groessl
(E)
Naomi Katzir
(N)
Helen Chong
(H)
William H Herman
(WH)
Michael Brändle
(M)
Morton B Brown
(MB)
Jose C Florez
(JC)
David Altshuler
(D)
Liana K Billings
(LK)
Ling Chen
(L)
Maegan Harden
(M)
Robert L Hanson
(RL)
William C Knowler
(WC)
Toni I Pollin
(TI)
Alan R Shuldiner
(AR)
Kathleen Jablonski
(K)
Paul W Franks
(PW)
Marie-France Hivert
(MF)
Informations de copyright
© 2021 by the American Diabetes Association.
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