Utilizing a reductionist model to study host-microbe interactions in intestinal inflammation.
Defined consortium
Gut microbiota
Immune dysregulation
Intestinal inflammation
Pathobiont
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Journal
Microbiome
ISSN: 2049-2618
Titre abrégé: Microbiome
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101615147
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 11 2021
03 11 2021
Historique:
received:
18
05
2021
accepted:
10
09
2021
entrez:
4
11
2021
pubmed:
5
11
2021
medline:
22
3
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The gut microbiome is altered in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, yet how these alterations contribute to intestinal inflammation is poorly understood. Murine models have demonstrated the importance of the microbiome in colitis since colitis fails to develop in many genetically susceptible animal models when re-derived into germ-free environments. We have previously shown that Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-deficient mice (Was Was These studies indicate that the effect of a microbe on the immune system can be context dependent, with the same bacteria eliciting a tolerogenic response under homeostatic conditions but promoting inflammation in immune-dysregulated hosts. Furthermore, in inflamed environments, some bacteria up-regulate genes that enhance their fitness and immunogenicity, while other bacteria are less able to adapt and decrease in abundance. These findings highlight the importance of studying host-microbe interactions in different contexts and considering how the transcriptional profile and fitness of bacteria may change in different hosts when developing microbiota-based therapeutics. Video abstract.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
The gut microbiome is altered in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, yet how these alterations contribute to intestinal inflammation is poorly understood. Murine models have demonstrated the importance of the microbiome in colitis since colitis fails to develop in many genetically susceptible animal models when re-derived into germ-free environments. We have previously shown that Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-deficient mice (Was
RESULTS
Was
CONCLUSIONS
These studies indicate that the effect of a microbe on the immune system can be context dependent, with the same bacteria eliciting a tolerogenic response under homeostatic conditions but promoting inflammation in immune-dysregulated hosts. Furthermore, in inflamed environments, some bacteria up-regulate genes that enhance their fitness and immunogenicity, while other bacteria are less able to adapt and decrease in abundance. These findings highlight the importance of studying host-microbe interactions in different contexts and considering how the transcriptional profile and fitness of bacteria may change in different hosts when developing microbiota-based therapeutics. Video abstract.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34732258
doi: 10.1186/s40168-021-01161-3
pii: 10.1186/s40168-021-01161-3
pmc: PMC8565002
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Video-Audio Media
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
215Subventions
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : P30 DK034854
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s).
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