Psychedelics as Novel Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Disease: Rationale and Potential Mechanisms.

Alzheimer’s disease Dementia Hallucinogen Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Psilocybin Psychedelic

Journal

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences
ISSN: 1866-3370
Titre abrégé: Curr Top Behav Neurosci
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 101535383

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
2022
Historique:
pubmed: 5 11 2021
medline: 30 8 2022
entrez: 4 11 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT

Identifiants

pubmed: 34734390
doi: 10.1007/7854_2021_267
doi:

Substances chimiques

Hallucinogens 0
Serotonin 333DO1RDJY

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

287-317

Informations de copyright

© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Références

Agin-Liebes GI, Malone T, Yalch MM, Mennenga SE, Ponté KL, Guss J, Bossis AP, Grigsby J, Fischer S, Ross S (2020) Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for psychiatric and existential distress in patients with life-threatening cancer. J Psychopharmacol 34(2):155–166
doi: 10.1177/0269881119897615
Alzheimer’s Association (2021) Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 17(3):327–406. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12328
doi: 10.1002/alz.12328
Anderson BT, Danforth A, Daroff PR, Stauffer C, Ekman E, Agin-Liebes G, Trope A, Boden MT, Dilley PJ, Mitchell J, Woolley J (2020) Psilocybin-assisted group therapy for demoralized older long-term AIDS survivor men: an open-label safety and feasibility pilot study. EClinicalMedicine 27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100538
Arancibia S, Silhol M, Moulière F, Meffre J, Höllinger I, Maurice T, Tapia-Arancibia L (2008) Protective effect of BDNF against beta-amyloid induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo in rats. Neurobiol Dis 31(3):316–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2008.05.012
doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.05.012 pubmed: 18585459
Ayton S (2021) Brain volume loss due to donanemab. Eur J Neurol 28(9):e67–e68. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.15007
doi: 10.1111/ene.15007 pubmed: 34224184
Aznar S, Hervig ME-S (2016) The 5-HT2A serotonin receptor in executive function: implications for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 64:63–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.008
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.008 pubmed: 26891819
Balthazar MLF, Pereira FRS, Lopes TM, da Silva EL, Coan AC, Campos BM, Duncan NW, Stella F, Northoff G, Damasceno BP, Cendes F (2014) Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease are related to functional connectivity alterations in the salience network. Hum Brain Mapp 35(4):1237–1246. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22248
doi: 10.1002/hbm.22248 pubmed: 23418130
Banerjee S, Hellier J, Romer R, Dewey M, Knapp M, Ballard C, Baldwin R, Bentham P, Fox C, Holmes C, Katona C, Livingston G, Lawton C, McCrae N, Moniz-Cook E, Murray J, Nurock J, Orrell M, O’Brien J et al (2013) Study of the use of antidepressants for depression in dementia: the HTA -SADD trial – a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of sertraline and mirtazapine. Health Technol Assess 17(7):Article 7. http://www.hta.ac.uk/research/HTAjournal.shtml
doi: 10.3310/hta17070
Banning LCP, Ramakers IHGB, Rosenberg PB, Lyketsos CG, Leoutsakos J-MS (2021) Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers as predictors of trajectories of depression and apathy in cognitively normal individuals, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 36(1):224–234. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5418
doi: 10.1002/gps.5418 pubmed: 32869375
Barrett FS, Carbonaro TM, Hurwitz E, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR (2018) Double-blind comparison of the two hallucinogens psilocybin and dextromethorphan: effects on cognition. Psychopharmacology 235(10):2915–2927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-018-4981-x
doi: 10.1007/s00213-018-4981-x pubmed: 30062577 pmcid: 6162157
Barrett FS, Doss MK, Sepeda ND, Pekar JJ, Griffiths RR (2020a) Emotions and brain function are altered up to one month after a single high dose of psilocybin. Sci Rep 10(1):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59282-y
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59282-y
Barrett FS, Krimmel SR, Griffiths RR, Seminowicz DA, Mathur BN (2020b) Psilocybin acutely alters the functional connectivity of the claustrum with brain networks that support perception, memory, and attention. NeuroImage 218:116980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116980
doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116980 pubmed: 32454209
Bateman RJ, Xiong C, Benzinger TLS, Fagan AM, Goate A, Fox NC, Marcus DS, Cairns NJ, Xie X, Blazey TM, Holtzman DM, Santacruz A, Buckles V, Oliver A, Moulder K, Aisen PS, Ghetti B, Klunk WE, McDade E et al (2012) Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer’s disease. N Engl J Med 367(9):795–804. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1202753
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1202753 pubmed: 22784036 pmcid: 3474597
Bershad AK, Schepers ST, Bremmer MP, Lee R, de Wit H (2019) Acute subjective and behavioral effects of microdoses of lysergic acid diethylamide in healthy human volunteers. Biol Psychiatry 86(10):792–800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.019
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.019 pubmed: 31331617 pmcid: 6814527
Bloom GS (2014) Amyloid-β and tau: the trigger and bullet in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. JAMA Neurol 71(4):505–508. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.5847
doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.5847 pubmed: 24493463
Bogenschutz MP, Forcehimes AA, Pommy JA, Wilcox CE, Barbosa PCR, Strassman RJ (2015) Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: a proof-of-concept study. J Psychopharmacol 29(3):289–299
doi: 10.1177/0269881114565144
Bogenschutz MP, Podrebarac SK, Duane JH, Amegadzie SS, Malone TC, Owens LT, Ross S, Mennenga SE (2018) Clinical interpretations of patient experience in a trial of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for alcohol use disorder. Front Pharmacol 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00100
Boulougouris V, Glennon JC, Robbins TW (2008) Dissociable effects of selective 5-HT 2A and 5-HT 2C receptor antagonists on serial spatial reversal learning in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 33(8):2007–2019. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301584
doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301584 pubmed: 17957219
Bouso JC, Fábregas JM, Antonijoan RM, Rodríguez-Fornells A, Riba J (2013) Acute effects of ayahuasca on neuropsychological performance: differences in executive function between experienced and occasional users. Psychopharmacology 230(3):415–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-013-3167-9
doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3167-9 pubmed: 23793226
Braak H, Braak E (1991) Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathol 82(4):239–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00308809
doi: 10.1007/BF00308809 pubmed: 1759558
Brier MR, Gordon B, Friedrichsen K, McCarthy J, Stern A, Christensen J, Owen C, Aldea P, Su Y, Hassenstab J, Cairns NJ, Holtzman DM, Fagan AM, Morris JC, Benzinger TLS, Ances BM (2016) Tau and Aβ imaging, CSF measures, and cognition in Alzheimer’s disease. Sci Transl Med 8(338):338ra66. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2362
doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2362 pubmed: 27169802 pmcid: 5267531
Buckner RL, Snyder AZ, Shannon BJ, LaRossa G, Sachs R, Fotenos AF, Sheline YI, Klunk WE, Mathis CA, Morris JC, Mintun MA (2005) Molecular, structural, and functional characterization of Alzheimer’s disease: evidence for a relationship between default activity, amyloid, and memory. J Neurosci 25(34):7709–7717. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2177-05.2005
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2177-05.2005 pubmed: 16120771 pmcid: 6725245
Butzlaff M, Ponimaskin E (2016) The role of serotonin receptors in Alzheimer’s disease. Opera Med Physiol 2(1):77–86
Caccamo A, Magrì A, Medina DX, Wisely EV, López-Aranda MF, Silva AJ, Oddo S (2013) mTOR regulates tau phosphorylation and degradation: implications for Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies. Aging Cell 12(3):370–380. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12057
doi: 10.1111/acel.12057 pubmed: 23425014
Cammalleri M, Lütjens R, Berton F, King AR, Simpson C, Francesconi W, Sanna PP (2003) Time-restricted role for dendritic activation of the mTOR-p70S6K pathway in the induction of late-phase long-term potentiation in the CA1. Proc Natl Acad Sci 100(24):14368–14373. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2336098100
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2336098100 pubmed: 14623952 pmcid: 283598
Carhart-Harris RL, Leech R, Williams TM, Erritzoe D, Abbasi N, Bargiotas T, Hobden P, Sharp DJ, Evans J, Feilding A, Wise RG, Nutt DJ (2012) Implications for psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: functional magnetic resonance imaging study with psilocybin. Br J Psychiatry 200(3):238–244. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.103309
doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.103309 pubmed: 22282432
Carhart-Harris RL, Bolstridge M, Rucker J, Day CMJ, Erritzoe D, Kaelen M, Bloomfield M, Rickard JA, Forbes B, Feilding A, Taylor D, Pilling S, Curran VH, Nutt DJ (2016) Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study. Lancet Psychiatry 3(7):619–627. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30065-7
doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30065-7 pubmed: 27210031
Carhart-Harris RL, Roseman L, Bolstridge M, Demetriou L, Pannekoek JN, Wall MB, Tanner M, Kaelen M, McGonigle J, Murphy K, Leech R, Curran HV, Nutt DJ (2017) Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression: FMRI-measured brain mechanisms. Sci Rep 7(1):13187. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13282-7
doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13282-7 pubmed: 29030624 pmcid: 5640601
Carhart-Harris R, Giribaldi B, Watts R, Baker-Jones M, Murphy-Beiner A, Murphy R, Martell J, Blemings A, Erritzoe D, Nutt DJ (2021) Trial of psilocybin versus escitalopram for depression. N Engl J Med 384(15):1402–1411
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2032994
Carter OL, Burr DC, Pettigrew JD, Wallis GM, Hasler F, Vollenweider FX (2005) Using psilocybin to investigate the relationship between attention, working memory, and the serotonin 1A and 2A receptors. J Cogn Neurosci 17(10):1497–1508. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892905774597191
doi: 10.1162/089892905774597191 pubmed: 16269092
Catlow BJ, Song S, Paredes DA, Kirstein CL, Sanchez-Ramos J (2013) Effects of psilocybin on hippocampal neurogenesis and extinction of trace fear conditioning. Exp Brain Res 228(4):481–491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-013-3579-0
doi: 10.1007/s00221-013-3579-0 pubmed: 23727882
Cavalleri L, Merlo Pich E, Millan MJ, Chiamulera C, Kunath T, Spano PF, Collo G (2018) Ketamine enhances structural plasticity in mouse mesencephalic and human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons via AMPAR-driven BDNF and mTOR signaling. Mol Psychiatry 23(4):812–823. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2017.241
doi: 10.1038/mp.2017.241 pubmed: 29158584
Chakraborty S, Lennon JC, Malkaram SA, Zeng Y, Fisher DW, Dong H (2019) Serotonergic system, cognition, and BPSD in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 704:36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.050
doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.050 pubmed: 30946928 pmcid: 6594906
Chen M-K, Mecca AP, Naganawa M, Finnema SJ, Toyonaga T, Lin S, Najafzadeh S, Ropchan J, Lu Y, McDonald JW, Michalak HR, Nabulsi NB, Arnsten AFT, Huang Y, Carson RE, van Dyck CH (2018) Assessing synaptic density in Alzheimer disease with synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A positron emission tomographic imaging. JAMA Neurol 75(10):1215. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.1836
doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.1836 pubmed: 30014145 pmcid: 6233853
Ciaramella A, Salani F, Bizzoni F, Orfei MD, Langella R, Angelucci F, Spalletta G, Taddei AR, Caltagirone C, Bossù P (2013) The stimulation of dendritic cells by amyloid beta 1–42 reduces BDNF production in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Brain Behav Immun 32:29–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2013.04.001
doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.04.001 pubmed: 23578995
Davis AK, Barrett FS, May DG, Cosimano MP, Sepeda ND, Johnson MW, Finan PH, Griffiths RR (2021) Effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy on major depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiat 78(5):481–489
doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285
de Quervain DJ-F, Henke K, Aerni A, Coluccia D, Wollmer MA, Hock C, Nitsch RM, Papassotiropoulos A (2003) A functional genetic variation of the 5-HT2a receptor affects human memory. Nat Neurosci 6(11):1141–1142. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1146
doi: 10.1038/nn1146 pubmed: 14566344
Dennis EL, Thompson PM (2014) Functional brain connectivity using fMRI in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychol Rev 24(1):49–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-014-9249-6
doi: 10.1007/s11065-014-9249-6 pubmed: 24562737 pmcid: 4109887
Doggrell SA (2021) Still grasping at straws: donanemab in Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 30(8):797–801. https://doi.org/10.1080/13543784.2021.1948010
doi: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1948010 pubmed: 34162295
Donovan LL, Johansen JV, Ros NF, Jaberi E, Linnet K, Johansen SS, Ozenne B, Issazadeh-Navikas S, Hansen HD, Knudsen GM (2021) Effects of a single dose of psilocybin on behaviour, brain 5-HT2A receptor occupancy and gene expression in the pig. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 42:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.11.013
doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.11.013 pubmed: 33288378
Dotson VM, Beydoun MA, Zonderman AB (2010) Recurrent depressive symptoms and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 75(1):27–34. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e62124
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e62124 pubmed: 20603482 pmcid: 2906403
Dubois B, Feldman HH, Jacova C, Hampel H, Molinuevo JL, Blennow K, DeKosky ST, Gauthier S, Selkoe D, Bateman R, Cappa S, Crutch S, Engelborghs S, Frisoni GB, Fox NC, Galasko D, Habert M-O, Jicha GA, Nordberg A et al (2014) Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease: the IWG-2 criteria. Lancet Neurol 13(6):614–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70090-0
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70090-0 pubmed: 24849862
Eide FF, Vining ER, Eide BL, Zang K, Wang X-Y, Reichardt LF (1996) Naturally occurring truncated trkB receptors have dominant inhibitory effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling. J Neurosci 16(10):3123–3129. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-10-03123.1996
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-10-03123.1996 pubmed: 8627351 pmcid: 2710135
Erritzoe D, Roseman L, Nour MM, MacLean K, Kaelen M, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL (2018) Effects of psilocybin therapy on personality structure. Acta Psychiatr Scand 138(5):368–378. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12904
doi: 10.1111/acps.12904 pubmed: 29923178 pmcid: 6220878
Family N, Maillet EL, Williams LTJ, Krediet E, Carhart-Harris RL, Williams TM, Nichols CD, Goble DJ, Raz S (2020) Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of low dose lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in healthy older volunteers. Psychopharmacology 237(3):841–853. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-019-05417-7
doi: 10.1007/s00213-019-05417-7 pubmed: 31853557
Flanagan TW, Nichols CD (2018) Psychedelics as anti-inflammatory agents. Int Rev Psychiatry 30(4):363–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2018.1481827
doi: 10.1080/09540261.2018.1481827 pubmed: 30102081
Frick LR, Bernardez-Vidal M, Hocht C, Zanutto BS, Rapanelli M (2015) Dual role of serotonin in the acquisition and extinction of reward-driven learning: involvement of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and 5-HT3 receptors. Behav Brain Res 277:193–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.025
doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.025 pubmed: 24949809
Furr A, Lapiz-Bluhm MD, Morilak DA (2012) 5-HT2A receptors in the orbitofrontal cortex facilitate reversal learning and contribute to the beneficial cognitive effects of chronic citalopram treatment in rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 15(9):1295–1305. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145711001441
doi: 10.1017/S1461145711001441 pubmed: 22008191
Galvão-Coelho NL, de Menezes Galvão AC, de Almeida RN, Palhano-Fontes F, Campos Braga I, Lobão Soares B, Maia-de-Oliveira JP, Perkins D, Sarris J, de Araujo DB (2020) Changes in inflammatory biomarkers are related to the antidepressant effects of Ayahuasca. J Psychopharmacol 34(10):1125–1133
doi: 10.1177/0269881120936486
Garcia-Romeu A, Griffiths RR, Johnson MW (2014) Psilocybin-occasioned mystical experiences in the treatment of tobacco addiction. Curr Drug Abuse Rev 7(3):157–164
doi: 10.2174/1874473708666150107121331
Garcia-Romeu A, Kersgaard B, Addy PH (2016) Clinical applications of hallucinogens: a review. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 24(4):229
doi: 10.1037/pha0000084
Garwood CJ, Pooler AM, Atherton J, Hanger DP, Noble W (2011) Astrocytes are important mediators of a β-induced neurotoxicity and tau phosphorylation in primary culture. Cell Death Dis 2(6):e167–e167
doi: 10.1038/cddis.2011.50
Gasser P, Holstein D, Michel Y, Doblin R, Yazar-Klosinski B, Passie T, Brenneisen R (2014) Safety and efficacy of lysergic acid diethylamide-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with life-threatening diseases. J Nerv Ment Dis 202(7):513
doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000113
George DR, Hanson R (2019) Imagining a role for psychedelics in dementia care. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 27(9):1028–1030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2019.03.008
doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.03.008 pubmed: 31047789
González-Maeso J, Weisstaub NV, Zhou M, Chan P, Ivic L, Ang R, Lira A, Bradley-Moore M, Ge Y, Zhou Q, Sealfon SC, Gingrich JA (2007) Hallucinogens recruit specific cortical 5-HT2A receptor-mediated signaling pathways to affect behavior. Neuron 53(3):439–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2007.01.008
doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.01.008 pubmed: 17270739
Graff-Radford J, Yong KXX, Apostolova LG, Bouwman FH, Carrillo M, Dickerson BC, Rabinovici GD, Schott JM, Jones DT, Murray ME (2021) New insights into atypical Alzheimer’s disease in the era of biomarkers. Lancet Neurol 20(3):222–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30440-3
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30440-3 pubmed: 33609479 pmcid: 8056394
Griffiths RR, Richards WA, Johnson MW, McCann UD, Jesse R (2008) Mystical-type experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later. J Psychopharmacol 22(6):621–632
doi: 10.1177/0269881108094300
Griffiths RR, Johnson MW, Carducci MA, Umbricht A, Richards WA, Richards BD, Cosimano MP, Klinedinst MA (2016) Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized double-blind trial. J Psychopharmacol 30(12):1181–1197. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116675513
doi: 10.1177/0269881116675513 pubmed: 27909165 pmcid: 5367557
Griffiths RR, Johnson MW, Richards WA, Richards BD, Jesse R, MacLean KA, Barrett FS, Cosimano MP, Klinedinst MA (2018) Psilocybin-occasioned mystical-type experience in combination with meditation and other spiritual practices produces enduring positive changes in psychological functioning and in trait measures of prosocial attitudes and behaviors. J Psychopharmacol 32(1):49–69
doi: 10.1177/0269881117731279
Grob CS, Danforth AL, Chopra GS, Hagerty M, McKay CR, Halberstadt AL, Greer GR (2011) Pilot study of psilocybin treatment for anxiety in patients with advanced-stage cancer. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68(1):71. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.116
doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.116 pubmed: 20819978
Grof S, Goodman LE, Richards WA, Kurland AA (1973) LSD-assisted psychotherapy in patients with terminal cancer. Int Pharmacopsychiatry 8:129–144. https://doi.org/10.1159/000467984
doi: 10.1159/000467984 pubmed: 4140164
Grothe M, Heinsen H, Teipel SJ (2012) Atrophy of the cholinergic basal forebrain over the adult age range and in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Biol Psychiatry 71(9):805–813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.019
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.019 pubmed: 21816388
Hafkemeijer A, van der Grond J, Rombouts SARB (2012) Imaging the default mode network in aging and dementia. Biochim Biophys Acta 1822(3):431–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.07.008
doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.07.008 pubmed: 21807094
Harvey JA, Quinn JL, Liu R, Aloyo VJ, Romano AG (2004) Selective remodeling of rabbit frontal cortex: relationship between 5-HT2A receptor density and associative learning. Psychopharmacology 172(4):435–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-003-1687-4
doi: 10.1007/s00213-003-1687-4 pubmed: 14685644
Hasselbalch SG, Madsen K, Svarer C, Pinborg LH, Holm S, Paulson OB, Waldemar G, Knudsen GM (2008) Reduced 5-HT2A receptor binding in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging 29(12):1830–1838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.04.011
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.04.011 pubmed: 17544547
He X, Qin W, Liu Y, Zhang X, Duan Y, Song J, Li K, Jiang T, Yu C (2014) Abnormal salience network in normal aging and in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Hum Brain Mapp 35(7):3446–3464. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22414
doi: 10.1002/hbm.22414 pubmed: 24222384
He W, Goodkind D, Kowal P (2016) International population reports, P95/16-1, An aging world: 2015, U.S. Census Bureau. U.S. Government Publishing Office, Washington, DC
Healy CJ (2021) The acute effects of classic psychedelics on memory in humans. Psychopharmacology 238(3):639–653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05756-w
doi: 10.1007/s00213-020-05756-w pubmed: 33420592
Herbert J, Lucassen PJ (2016) Depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease: genes, steroids, cytokines and neurogenesis – what do we need to know? Front Neuroendocrinol 41:153–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.12.001
doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.12.001 pubmed: 26746105
Hoeffer CA, Klann E (2010) mTOR signaling: at the crossroads of plasticity, memory and disease. Trends Neurosci 33(2):67–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2009.11.003
doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2009.11.003 pubmed: 19963289
Holm P, Ettrup A, Klein AB, Santini MA, El-Sayed M, Elvang AB, Stensbøl TB, Mikkelsen JD, Knudsen GM, Aznar S (2010) Plaque deposition dependent decrease in 5-HT 2A serotonin receptor in AβPPswe/PS1dE9 amyloid overexpressing mice. J Alzheimers Dis 20(4):1201–1213. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2010-100117
doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-100117 pubmed: 20413853
Hutten NRPW, Mason NL, Dolder PC, Theunissen EL, Holze F, Liechti ME, Feilding A, Ramaekers JG, Kuypers KPC (2020) Mood and cognition after administration of low LSD doses in healthy volunteers: a placebo controlled dose-effect finding study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 41:81–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.10.002
doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.10.002 pubmed: 33082016
Hutten NRPW, Mason NL, Dolder PC, Theunissen EL, Holze F, Liechti ME, Varghese N, Eckert A, Feilding A, Ramaekers JG, Kuypers KPC (2021) Low doses of LSD acutely increase BDNF blood plasma levels in healthy volunteers. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 4(2):461–466. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.0c00099
doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00099 pubmed: 33860175
Ismail Z, Agüera-Ortiz L, Brodaty H, Cieslak A, Cummings J, Fischer CE, Gauthier S, Geda YE, Herrmann N, Kanji J, Lanctôt KL, Miller DS, Mortby ME, Onyike CU, Rosenberg PB, Smith EE, Smith GS, Sultzer DL, Lyketsos C, for the N. P. I. A. of the I. S. of to A. A. R. and T. (NPS-P. of ISTAART) (2017) The mild behavioral impairment checklist (MBI-C): a rating scale for neuropsychiatric symptoms in pre-dementia populations. J Alzheimers Dis 56(3):929–938. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-160979
doi: 10.3233/JAD-160979 pubmed: 28059789 pmcid: 5652315
Jack CR Jr, Wiste HJ, Botha H, Weigand SD, Therneau TM, Knopman DS, Graff-Radford J, Jones DT, Ferman TJ, Boeve BF (2019) The bivariate distribution of amyloid-β and tau: relationship with established neurocognitive clinical syndromes. Brain 142(10):3230–3242
doi: 10.1093/brain/awz268
Jarvik ME, Abramson HA, Hirsch MW (1955) Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25): VI. Effect upon recall and recognition of various stimuli. J Psychol 39(2):443–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1955.9916194
doi: 10.1080/00223980.1955.9916194
Jaworski J, Sheng M (2006) The growing role of mTOR in neuronal development and plasticity. Mol Neurobiol 34(3):205–219. https://doi.org/10.1385/MN:34:3:205
doi: 10.1385/MN:34:3:205 pubmed: 17308353
Jefsen OH, Elfving B, Wegener G, Müller HK (2021) Transcriptional regulation in the rat prefrontal cortex and hippocampus after a single administration of psilocybin. J Psychopharmacol 35(4):483–493. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120959614
doi: 10.1177/0269881120959614 pubmed: 33143539
Johnson MW, Richards WA, Griffiths RR (2008) Human hallucinogen research: guidelines for safety. J Psychopharmacol 22(6):603–620
doi: 10.1177/0269881108093587
Johnson MW, Garcia-Romeu A, Cosimano MP, Griffiths RR (2014) Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction. J Psychopharmacol 28(11):983–992
doi: 10.1177/0269881114548296
Johnson MW, Griffiths RR, Hendricks PS, Henningfield JE (2018) The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the controlled substances act. Neuropharmacology 142:143–166
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.012
Joie RL, Perrotin A, Barré L, Hommet C, Mézenge F, Ibazizene M, Camus V, Abbas A, Landeau B, Guilloteau D, Sayette VL, Eustache F, Desgranges B, Chételat G (2012) Region-specific hierarchy between atrophy, hypometabolism, and β-amyloid (Aβ) load in Alzheimer’s disease dementia. J Neurosci 32(46):16265–16273. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2170-12.2012
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2170-12.2012 pubmed: 23152610 pmcid: 6794030
Karran E, Hardy J (2014) A critique of the drug discovery and phase 3 clinical programs targeting the amyloid hypothesis for Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol 76(2):185–205. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24188
doi: 10.1002/ana.24188 pubmed: 24853080 pmcid: 4204160
Karran E, Mercken M, Strooper BD (2011) The amyloid cascade hypothesis for Alzheimer’s disease: an appraisal for the development of therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 10(9):698–712. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd3505
doi: 10.1038/nrd3505 pubmed: 21852788
Karttunen K, Karppi P, Hiltunen A, Vanhanen M, Välimäki T, Martikainen J, Valtonen H, Sivenius J, Soininen H, Hartikainen S, Suhonen J, Pirttilä T (2011) Neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in patients with very mild and mild Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 26(5):473–482. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2550
doi: 10.1002/gps.2550 pubmed: 21445998
Killin LOJ, Starr JM, Shiue IJ, Russ TC (2016) Environmental risk factors for dementia: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 16(1):175. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0342-y
doi: 10.1186/s12877-016-0342-y pubmed: 27729011 pmcid: 5059894
Kim SYH (2011) The ethics of informed consent in Alzheimer disease research. Nat Rev Neurol 7(7):410–414. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2011.76
doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2011.76 pubmed: 21610690 pmcid: 3475518
King AR, Martin IL, Seymour KA (1972) Reversal learning facilitated by a single injection of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD 25) in the rat. Br J Pharmacol 45(1):161P–162P
pubmed: 5041478 pmcid: 1666253
Kinney JW, Bemiller SM, Murtishaw AS, Leisgang AM, Salazar AM, Lamb BT (2018) Inflammation as a central mechanism in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s Dementia Transl Res Clin Interv 4:575–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trci.2018.06.014
doi: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.06.014
Klaassens BL, van Gerven J, van der Grond J, de Vos F, Möller C, Rombouts SA (2017) Diminished posterior precuneus connectivity with the default mode network differentiates normal aging from Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 9:97
doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00097
Knopman DS, Jones DT, Greicius MD (2021) Failure to demonstrate efficacy of aducanumab: an analysis of the EMERGE and ENGAGE trials as reported by Biogen, December 2019. Alzheimers Dement 17(4):696–701. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12213
doi: 10.1002/alz.12213 pubmed: 33135381
Kunkle BW, Grenier-Boley B, Sims R, Bis JC, Damotte V, Naj AC, Boland A, Vronskaya M, van der Lee SJ, Amlie-Wolf A, Bellenguez C, Frizatti A, Chouraki V, Martin ER, Sleegers K, Badarinarayan N, Jakobsdottir J, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Moreno-Grau S et al (2019) Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing. Nat Genet 51(3):414–430. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0358-2
doi: 10.1038/s41588-019-0358-2 pubmed: 30820047 pmcid: 6463297
Lai MK, Tsang SW, Alder JT, Keene J, Hope T, Esiri MM, Francis PT, Chen CP (2005) Loss of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in the postmortem temporal cortex correlates with rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. Psychopharmacology 179(3):673–677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-004-2077-2
doi: 10.1007/s00213-004-2077-2 pubmed: 15551121
Lanctôt KL, Amatniek J, Ancoli-Israel S, Arnold SE, Ballard C, Cohen-Mansfield J, Ismail Z, Lyketsos C, Miller DS, Musiek E, Osorio RS, Rosenberg PB, Satlin A, Steffens D, Tariot P, Bain LJ, Carrillo MC, Hendrix JA, Jurgens H, Boot B (2017) Neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: new treatment paradigms. Alzheimer’s Dementia Transl Res Clin Interv 3(3):440–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trci.2017.07.001
doi: 10.1016/j.trci.2017.07.001
Langs RJ (1967) Stability of earliest memories under LSD-25 AND PLACEBO. J Nerv Ment Dis 144(3):171–184
doi: 10.1097/00005053-196703000-00002
Leoutsakos J-MS, Forrester SN, Lyketsos CG, Smith GS (2015) Latent classes of neuropsychiatric symptoms in NACC controls and conversion to mild cognitive impairment or dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 48(2):483–493. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-150421
doi: 10.3233/JAD-150421 pubmed: 26402012 pmcid: 4635658
Li L-B, Zhang L, Sun Y-N, Han L-N, Wu Z-H, Zhang Q-J, Liu J (2015) Activation of serotonin2A receptors in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca complex enhanced working memory in the hemiparkinsonian rats. Neuropharmacology 91:23–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.025
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.025 pubmed: 25486618
Lima da Cruz RV, Moulin TC, Petiz LL, Leão RN (2018) A single dose of 5-MeO-DMT stimulates cell proliferation, neuronal survivability, morphological and functional changes in adult mice ventral dentate gyrus. Front Mol Neurosci 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00312
Liu Y, Yoo M-J, Savonenko A, Stirling W, Price DL, Borchelt DR, Mamounas L, Lyons WE, Blue ME, Lee MK (2008) Amyloid pathology is associated with progressive monoaminergic neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci 28(51):13805–13814. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4218-08.2008
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4218-08.2008 pubmed: 19091971 pmcid: 6671923
Ly C, Greb AC, Cameron LP, Wong JM, Barragan EV, Wilson PC, Burbach KF, Soltanzadeh Zarandi S, Sood A, Paddy MR, Duim WC, Dennis MY, McAllister AK, Ori-McKenney KM, Gray JA, Olson DE (2018) Psychedelics promote structural and functional neural plasticity. Cell Rep 23(11):3170–3182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.022
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.022 pubmed: 29898390 pmcid: 6082376
Lyketsos CG, Lopez O, Jones B, Fitzpatrick AL, Breitner J, DeKosky S (2002) Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: results from the cardiovascular health study. JAMA 288(12):1475. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.12.1475
doi: 10.1001/jama.288.12.1475 pubmed: 12243634
Lyketsos CG, Colenda CC, Beck C, Blank K, Doraiswamy MP, Kalunian DA, Yaffe K (2006) Position statement of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry regarding principles of care for patients with dementia resulting from Alzheimer Disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 14(7):561–573. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JGP.0000221334.65330.55
doi: 10.1097/01.JGP.0000221334.65330.55 pubmed: 16816009
Lyketsos CG, Carrillo MC, Ryan JM, Khachaturian AS, Trzepacz P, Amatniek J, Cedarbaum J, Brashear R, Miller DS (2011) Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 7(5):532–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.2410
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.2410 pubmed: 21889116 pmcid: 3299979
MacLean KA, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR (2011) Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness. J Psychopharmacol 25(11):1453–1461
doi: 10.1177/0269881111420188
Madsen MK, Fisher PM, Stenbæk DS, Kristiansen S, Burmester D, Lehel S, Páleníček T, Kuchař M, Svarer C, Ozenne B, Knudsen GM (2020) A single psilocybin dose is associated with long-term increased mindfulness, preceded by a proportional change in neocortical 5-HT2A receptor binding. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 33:71–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.02.001
doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.02.001 pubmed: 32146028
Marner L, Frokjaer VG, Kalbitzer J, Lehel S, Madsen K, Baaré WF, Knudsen GM, Hasselbalch SG (2012) Loss of serotonin 2A receptors exceeds loss of serotonergic projections in early Alzheimer’s disease: a combined [11C] DASB and [18F] altanserin-PET study. Neurobiol Aging 33(3):479–487
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.03.023
Marucci G, Buccioni M, Ben DD, Lambertucci C, Volpini R, Amenta F (2021) Efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropharmacology 190:108352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108352
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108352 pubmed: 33035532
Masliah E, Mallory M, Alford M, DeTeresa R, Hansen LA, McKeel DW, Morris JC (2001) Altered expression of synaptic proteins occurs early during progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 56(1):127–129. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.56.1.127
doi: 10.1212/WNL.56.1.127 pubmed: 11148253
Mason NL, Kuypers KPC, Müller F, Reckweg J, Tse DHY, Toennes SW, Hutten NRPW, Jansen JFA, Stiers P, Feilding A, Ramaekers JG (2020) Me, myself, bye: regional alterations in glutamate and the experience of ego dissolution with psilocybin. Neuropsychopharmacology 45(12):2003–2011. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-0718-8
doi: 10.1038/s41386-020-0718-8 pubmed: 32446245 pmcid: 7547711
Mecca AP (2019) 1ciii - AD molecular: molecular imaging of Alzheimer’s disease: PET imaging of neurotransmitter systems. In: Becker JT, Cohen AD (eds) Progress in molecular biology and translational science, vol vol 165. Academic Press, pp 139–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.04.003
doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.04.003
Mevel K, Chételat G, Eustache F, Desgranges B (2011) The default mode network in healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011:e535816. https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/535816
doi: 10.4061/2011/535816
Michaelsen K, Zagrebelsky M, Berndt-Huch J, Polack M, Buschler A, Sendtner M, Korte M (2010) Neurotrophin receptors TrkB.T1 and p75NTR cooperate in modulating both functional and structural plasticity in mature hippocampal neurons. Eur J Neurosci 32(11):1854–1865. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07460.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07460.x pubmed: 20955473
Miguel-Álvarez M, Santos-Lozano A, Sanchis-Gomar F, Fiuza-Luces C, Pareja-Galeano H, Garatachea N, Lucia A (2015) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment effect. Drugs Aging 32(2):139–147
doi: 10.1007/s40266-015-0239-z
Minichiello L (2009) TrkB signalling pathways in LTP and learning. Nat Rev Neurosci 10(12):850–860. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2738
doi: 10.1038/nrn2738 pubmed: 19927149
Mintun MA, Lo AC, Duggan Evans C, Wessels AM, Ardayfio PA, Andersen SW, Shcherbinin S, Sparks J, Sims JR, Brys M, Apostolova LG, Salloway SP, Skovronsky DM (2021) Donanemab in early Alzheimer’s disease. N Engl J Med 384(18):1691–1704. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2100708
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2100708 pubmed: 33720637
Nau F Jr, Yu B, Martin D, Nichols CD (2013) Serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor activation blocks TNF-α mediated inflammation in vivo. PLoS One 8(10):e75426
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075426
Nelson JC, Devanand DP (2011) A systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled antidepressant studies in people with depression and dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 59(4):577–585. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03355.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03355.x pubmed: 21453380
Nichols DE (2016) Psychedelics. Pharmacol Rev 68(2):264–355. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.115.011478
doi: 10.1124/pr.115.011478 pubmed: 26841800 pmcid: 4813425
Nichols DE (2020) Psilocybin: from ancient magic to modern medicine. J Antibiot 73(10):679–686. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41429-020-0311-8
doi: 10.1038/s41429-020-0311-8
Nichols CD, Sanders-Bush E (2002) A single dose of lysergic acid diethylamide influences gene expression patterns within the mammalian brain. Neuropsychopharmacology 26(5):634–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00405-5
doi: 10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00405-5 pubmed: 11927188
Nichols CD, Garcia EE, Sanders-Bush E (2003) Dynamic changes in prefrontal cortex gene expression following lysergic acid diethylamide administration. Mol Brain Res 111(1):182–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-328X(03)00029-9
doi: 10.1016/S0169-328X(03)00029-9 pubmed: 12654518
Noorani T, Garcia-Romeu A, Swift TC, Griffiths RR, Johnson MW (2018) Psychedelic therapy for smoking cessation: qualitative analysis of participant accounts. J Psychopharmacol 32(7):756–769. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881118780612
doi: 10.1177/0269881118780612 pubmed: 29938565
Olson DE (2018) Psychoplastogens: a promising class of plasticity-promoting neurotherapeutics. J Exp Neurosci 12:1179069518800508. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179069518800508
doi: 10.1177/1179069518800508 pubmed: 30262987 pmcid: 6149016
Olson DE (2021) The subjective effects of psychedelics may not be necessary for their enduring therapeutic effects. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 4(2):563–567. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.0c00192
doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00192 pubmed: 33861218
Ossenkoppele R, Schonhaut DR, Schöll M, Lockhart SN, Ayakta N, Baker SL, O’Neil JP, Janabi M, Lazaris A, Cantwell A, Vogel J, Santos M, Miller ZA, Bettcher BM, Vossel KA, Kramer JH, Gorno-Tempini ML, Miller BL, Jagust WJ, Rabinovici GD (2016) Tau PET patterns mirror clinical and neuroanatomical variability in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 139(5):1551–1567. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aww027
doi: 10.1093/brain/aww027 pubmed: 26962052 pmcid: 5006248
Ozben T, Ozben S (2019) Neuro-inflammation and anti-inflammatory treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease. Clin Biochem 72:87–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.04.001
doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.04.001 pubmed: 30954437
Palhano-Fontes F, Barreto D, Onias H, Andrade KC, Novaes MM, Pessoa JA, Mota-Rolim SA, Osório FL, Sanches R, dos Santos RG, Tófoli LF, Silveira GO, Yonamine M, Riba J, Santos FR, Silva-Junior AA, Alchieri JC, Galvão-Coelho NL, Lobão-Soares B et al (2019) Rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Psychol Med 49(4):655–663. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718001356
doi: 10.1017/S0033291718001356 pubmed: 29903051 pmcid: 6378413
Palmqvist S, Schöll M, Strandberg O, Mattsson N, Stomrud E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Landau S, Jagust W, Hansson O (2017) Earliest accumulation of β-amyloid occurs within the default-mode network and concurrently affects brain connectivity. Nat Commun 8(1):1214. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01150-x
doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01150-x pubmed: 29089479 pmcid: 5663717
Palop JJ, Mucke L (2016) Network abnormalities and interneuron dysfunction in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 17(12):777–792. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2016.141
doi: 10.1038/nrn.2016.141 pubmed: 27829687 pmcid: 8162106
Pasquini L, Rahmani F, Maleki-Balajoo S, La Joie R, Zarei M, Sorg C, Drzezga A, Tahmasian M (2019) Medial temporal lobe disconnection and hyperexcitability across Alzheimer’s disease stages. J Alzheimer’s Dis Rep 3(1):103–112. https://doi.org/10.3233/ADR-190121
doi: 10.3233/ADR-190121
Pasquini L, Palhano-Fontes F, Araujo DB (2020) Subacute effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca on the salience and default mode networks. J Psychopharmacol 34(6):623–635. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120909409
doi: 10.1177/0269881120909409 pubmed: 32255395
Peng S, Wuu J, Mufson EJ, Fahnestock M (2005) Precursor form of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor are decreased in the pre-clinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 93(6):1412–1421. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03135.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03135.x pubmed: 15935057
Peters ME, Schwartz S, Han D, Rabins PV, Steinberg M, Tschanz JT, Lyketsos CG (2015) Neuropsychiatric symptoms as predictors of progression to severe Alzheimer’s dementia and death: the cache county dementia progression study. Am J Psychiatr 172(5):460–465. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14040480
doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14040480 pubmed: 25585033
Pokorny T, Duerler P, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX, Preller KH (2020) LSD acutely impairs working memory, executive functions, and cognitive flexibility, but not risk-based decision-making. Psychol Med 50(13):2255–2264. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719002393
doi: 10.1017/S0033291719002393 pubmed: 31500679
Preller KH, Duerler P, Burt JB, Ji JL, Adkinson B, Stämpfli P, Seifritz E, Repovš G, Krystal JH, Murray JD, Anticevic A, Vollenweider FX (2020) Psilocybin induces time-dependent changes in global functional connectivity. Biol Psychiatry 88(2):197–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.027
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.027 pubmed: 32111343
Putcha D, Brickhouse M, O’Keefe K, Sullivan C, Rentz D, Marshall G, Dickerson B, Sperling R (2011) Hippocampal hyperactivation associated with cortical thinning in Alzheimer’s disease signature regions in non-demented elderly adults. J Neurosci 31(48):17680–17688. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4740-11.2011
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4740-11.2011 pubmed: 22131428 pmcid: 3289551
Raval NR, Johansen A, Donovan LL, Ros NF, Ozenne B, Hansen HD, Knudsen GM (2021) A single dose of psilocybin increases synaptic density and decreases 5-HT2A receptor density in the pig brain. Int J Mol Sci 22(2):835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020835
doi: 10.3390/ijms22020835 pmcid: 7830000
Reiff CM, Richman EE, Nemeroff CB, Carpenter LL, Widge AS, Rodriguez CI, Kalin NH, McDonald WM (2020) Psychedelics and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. Am J Psychiatr 177(5):391–410. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19010035
doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19010035 pubmed: 32098487
Revenga MF, Zhu B, Guevara CA, Naler LB, Saunders JM, Zhou Z, Toneatti R, Sierra S, Wolstenholme JT, Beardsley PM, Huntley GW, Lu C, González-Maeso J (2021) Prolonged epigenetic and synaptic plasticity alterations following single exposure to a psychedelic in mice. BioRxiv 2021(02):24.432725. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.24.432725
doi: 10.1101/2021.02.24.432725
Rice L, Bisdas S (2017) The diagnostic value of FDG and amyloid PET in Alzheimer’s disease—a systematic review. Eur J Radiol 94:16–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.07.014
doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.07.014 pubmed: 28941755
Rich JB, Rasmusson DX, Folstein MF, Carson KA, Kawas C, Brandt J (1995) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 45(1):51–55. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.45.1.51
doi: 10.1212/WNL.45.1.51 pubmed: 7824134
Richards WA, Rhead JC, DiLeo FB, Yensen R, Kurland AA (1977) The peak experience variable in DPT-assisted psychotherapy with cancer patients. J Psychedelic Drugs 9(1):1–10
doi: 10.1080/02791072.1977.10472020
Romano AG, Quinn JL, Li L, Dave KD, Schindler EA, Aloyo VJ, Harvey JA (2010) Intrahippocampal LSD accelerates learning and desensitizes the 5-HT2A receptor in the rabbit, Romano et al. Psychopharmacology 212(3):441–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-010-2004-7
doi: 10.1007/s00213-010-2004-7 pubmed: 20827462
Roseman L, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL (2018) Quality of acute psychedelic experience predicts therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Front Pharmacol 8:974
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00974
Rosenberg PB, Martin BK, Frangakis C, Mintzer JE, Weintraub D, Porsteinsson AP, Schneider LS, Rabins PV, Munro CA, Meinert CL, Lyketsos CG, Drye LT (2010) Sertraline for the treatment of depression in Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 18(2):136–145. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181c796eb
doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181c796eb pubmed: 20087081 pmcid: 2842121
Ross S, Bossis A, Guss J, Agin-Liebes G, Malone T, Cohen B, Mennenga SE, Belser A, Kalliontzi K, Babb J, Su Z, Corby P, Schmidt BL (2016) Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Psychopharmacol 30(12):1165–1180. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116675512
doi: 10.1177/0269881116675512 pubmed: 27909164 pmcid: 5367551
Ruthirakuhan M, Herrmann N, Vieira D, Gallagher D, Lanctôt KL (2019) The roles of apathy and depression in predicting Alzheimer disease: a longitudinal analysis in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 27(8):873–882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2019.02.003
doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.02.003 pubmed: 30910421 pmcid: 6646066
Sala Frigerio C, De Strooper B (2016) Alzheimer’s disease mechanisms and emerging roads to novel therapeutics. Annu Rev Neurosci 39(1):57–79. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-070815-014015
doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-070815-014015 pubmed: 27050320
Sampedro F, de la Fuente Revenga M, Valle M, Roberto N, Domínguez-Clavé E, Elices M, Luna LE, Crippa JAS, Hallak JEC, de Araujo DB, Friedlander P, Barker SA, Álvarez E, Soler J, Pascual JC, Feilding A, Riba J (2017) Assessing the psychedelic “after-glow” in Ayahuasca users: post-acute neurometabolic and functional connectivity changes are associated with enhanced mindfulness capacities. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 20(9):698–711. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyx036
doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx036 pubmed: 28525587 pmcid: 5581489
Scarmeas N, Brandt J, Albert M, Hadjigeorgiou G, Papadimitriou A, Dubois B, Sarazin M, Devanand D, Honig L, Marder K, Bell K, Wegesin D, Blacker D, Stern Y (2005) Delusions and hallucinations are associated with worse outcome in Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 62(10). https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.62.10.1601
Schindler EAD, Sewell RA, Gottschalk CH, Luddy C, Flynn LT, Lindsey H, Pittman BP, Cozzi NV, D’Souza DC (2021) Exploratory controlled study of the migraine-suppressing effects of psilocybin. Neurotherapeutics 18(1):534–543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-020-00962-y
doi: 10.1007/s13311-020-00962-y pubmed: 33184743
Schmid Y, Liechti ME (2018) Long-lasting subjective effects of LSD in normal subjects. Psychopharmacology 235(2):535–545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4733-3
doi: 10.1007/s00213-017-4733-3 pubmed: 28918441
Schott BH, Seidenbecher CI, Richter S, Wüstenberg T, Debska-Vielhaber G, Schubert H, Heinze H-J, Richardson-Klavehn A, Düzel E (2011) Genetic variation of the serotonin 2a receptor affects hippocampal novelty processing in humans. PLoS One 6(1):e15984. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015984
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015984 pubmed: 21267461 pmcid: 3022731
Schwindt GC, Chaudhary S, Crane D, Ganda A, Masellis M, Grady CL, Stefanovic B, Black SE (2013) Modulation of the default-mode network between rest and task in Alzheimer’s disease. Cereb Cortex 23(7):1685–1694. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs160
doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhs160 pubmed: 22693345
Selkoe DJ (2002) Alzheimer’s disease is a synaptic failure. Science 298(5594):789–791. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1074069
doi: 10.1126/science.1074069 pubmed: 12399581
Serrano-Pozo A, Frosch MP, Masliah E, Hyman BT (2011a) Neuropathological alterations in Alzheimer disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 1(1):a006189. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a006189
doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006189 pubmed: 22229116 pmcid: 3234452
Serrano-Pozo A, Mielke ML, Gómez-Isla T, Betensky RA, Growdon JH, Frosch MP, Hyman BT (2011b) Reactive glia not only associates with plaques but also parallels tangles in Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Pathol 179(3):1373–1384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.05.047
doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.05.047 pubmed: 21777559 pmcid: 3157187
Sestieri C, Corbetta M, Romani GL, Shulman GL (2011) Episodic memory retrieval, parietal cortex, and the default mode network: functional and topographic analyses. J Neurosci 31(12):4407–4420. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3335-10.2011
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3335-10.2011 pubmed: 21430142 pmcid: 3098040
Sevigny J, Chiao P, Bussière T, Weinreb PH, Williams L, Maier M, Dunstan R, Salloway S, Chen T, Ling Y, O’Gorman J, Qian F, Arastu M, Li M, Chollate S, Brennan MS, Quintero-Monzon O, Scannevin RH, Arnold HM et al (2016) The antibody aducanumab reduces Aβ plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. Nature 537(7618):50–56. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19323
doi: 10.1038/nature19323 pubmed: 27582220
Shao L-X, Liao C, Gregg I, Davoudian PA, Savalia NK, Delagarza K, Kwan AC (2021) Psilocybin induces rapid and persistent growth of dendritic spines in frontal cortex in vivo. Neuron. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2021.06.008
Shin I-S, Carter M, Masterman D, Fairbanks L, Cummings JL (2005) Neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 13(6):469–474. https://doi.org/10.1097/00019442-200506000-00005
doi: 10.1097/00019442-200506000-00005 pubmed: 15956266
Shoghi-Jadid K, Small GW, Agdeppa ED, Kepe V, Ercoli LM, Siddarth P, Read S, Satyamurthy N, Petric A, Huang S-C, Barrio JR (2002) Localization of neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid plaques in the brains of living patients with Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 10(1):24–35. https://doi.org/10.1097/00019442-200201000-00004
doi: 10.1097/00019442-200201000-00004 pubmed: 11790632
Smigielski L, Kometer M, Scheidegger M, Krähenmann R, Huber T, Vollenweider FX (2019a) Characterization and prediction of acute and sustained response to psychedelic psilocybin in a mindfulness group retreat. Sci Rep 9(1):14914. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50612-3
doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50612-3 pubmed: 31649304 pmcid: 6813317
Smigielski L, Scheidegger M, Kometer M, Vollenweider FX (2019b) Psilocybin-assisted mindfulness training modulates self-consciousness and brain default mode network connectivity with lasting effects. NeuroImage 196:207–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.009
doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.009 pubmed: 30965131
Smith GS, Barrett FS, Joo JH, Nassery N, Savonenko A, Sodums DJ, Marano CM, Munro CA, Brandt J, Kraut MA, Zhou Y, Wong DF, Workman CI (2017) Molecular imaging of serotonin degeneration in mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Dis 105:33–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2017.05.007
doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.05.007 pubmed: 28511918 pmcid: 5663212
Soto M, Andrieu S, Nourhashemi F, Ousset PJ, Ballard C, Robert P, Vellas B, Lyketsos CG, Rosenberg PB (2015) Medication development for agitation and aggression in Alzheimer disease: review and discussion of recent randomized clinical trial design. Int Psychogeriatr 27(2):181–197. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610214001720
doi: 10.1017/S1041610214001720
Sperling RA, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, Bennett DA, Craft S, Fagan AM, Iwatsubo T, Jack CR, Kaye J, Montine TJ, Park DC, Reiman EM, Rowe CC, Siemers E, Stern Y, Yaffe K, Carrillo MC, Thies B, Morrison-Bogorad M et al (2011) Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 7(3):280–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.003
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.003 pubmed: 21514248 pmcid: 3220946
Steinberg M, Shao H, Zandi P, Lyketsos CG, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Norton MC, Breitner JCS, Steffens DC, Tschanz JT (2008) Point and 5-year period prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: the Cache County Study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 23(2):170–177. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1858
doi: 10.1002/gps.1858 pubmed: 17607801 pmcid: 2932652
Stewart WF, Kawas C, Corrada M, Metter EJ (1997) Risk of Alzheimer’s disease and duration of NSAID use. Neurology 48(3):626–632. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.48.3.626
doi: 10.1212/WNL.48.3.626 pubmed: 9065537
Stopford CL, Snowden JS, Thompson JC, Neary D (2008) Variability in cognitive presentation of Alzheimer’s disease. Cortex 44(2):185–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2005.11.002
doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2005.11.002 pubmed: 18387548
Swift TC, Belser AB, Agin-Liebes G, Devenot N, Terrana S, Friedman HL, Guss J, Bossis AP, Ross S (2017) Cancer at the dinner table: experiences of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of cancer-related distress. J Humanist Psychol 57(5):488–519
doi: 10.1177/0022167817715966
Szabo A, Kovacs A, Frecska E, Rajnavolgyi E (2014) Psychedelic N, N-dimethyltryptamine and 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine modulate innate and adaptive inflammatory responses through the sigma-1 receptor of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. PLoS One 9(8):e106533
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106533
Sze C-I, Troncoso JC, Kawas C, Mouton P, Price DL, Martin LJ (1997) Loss of the presynaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin in hippocampus correlates with cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56(8):933–944. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005072-199708000-00011
doi: 10.1097/00005072-199708000-00011 pubmed: 9258263
Tang L, Wang Y, Chen Y, Chen L, Zheng S, Bao M, Xiang J, Luo H, Li J, Li Y (2017) The association between 5HT2A T102C and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int 2017:e5320135. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5320135
doi: 10.1155/2017/5320135
Tanila H (2017) The role of BDNF in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Dis 97:114–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2016.05.008
doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.05.008 pubmed: 27185594
Tanzi RE (2012) The genetics of Alzheimer disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2(10):a006296. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a006296
doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006296 pubmed: 23028126 pmcid: 3475404
Tayeb HO, Yang HD, Price BH, Tarazi FI (2012) Pharmacotherapies for Alzheimer’s disease: beyond cholinesterase inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther 134(1):8–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.12.002
doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.12.002 pubmed: 22198801
Theofilas P, Ehrenberg AJ, Dunlop S, Di Lorenzo Alho AT, Nguy A, Leite REP, Rodriguez RD, Mejia MB, Suemoto CK, Ferretti-Rebustini REDL, Polichiso L, Nascimento CF, Seeley WW, Nitrini R, Pasqualucci CA, Jacob Filho W, Rueb U, Neuhaus J, Heinsen H, Grinberg LT (2017) Locus coeruleus volume and cell population changes during Alzheimer’s disease progression: a stereological study in human postmortem brains with potential implication for early-stage biomarker discovery. Alzheimers Dement 13(3):236–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.2362
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.2362 pubmed: 27513978
Tomasi D, Volkow ND (2012) Aging and functional brain networks. Mol Psychiatry 17(5):549–558. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2011.81
doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.81
Tramutola A, Lanzillotta C, Domenico FD (2017) Targeting mTOR to reduce Alzheimer-related cognitive decline: from current hits to future therapies. Expert Rev Neurother 17(1):33–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2017.1244482
doi: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1244482 pubmed: 27690737
Tromp D, Dufour A, Lithfous S, Pebayle T, Després O (2015) Episodic memory in normal aging and Alzheimer disease: insights from imaging and behavioral studies. Ageing Res Rev 24:232–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2015.08.006
doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.08.006 pubmed: 26318058
Tsybko AS, Ilchibaeva TV, Filimonova EA, Eremin DV, Popova NK, Naumenko VS (2020) The chronic treatment with 5-HT2A receptor agonists affects the behavior and the BDNF system in mice. Neurochem Res 45(12):3059–3075. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-020-03153-5
doi: 10.1007/s11064-020-03153-5 pubmed: 33095437
Vann Jones SA, O’Kelly A (2020) Psychedelics as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease dementia. Front Synapt Neurosci 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00034
Versijpt J, Van Laere KJ, Dumont F, Decoo D, Vandecapelle M, Santens P, Goethals I, Audenaert K, Slegers G, Dierckx RA, Korf J (2003) Imaging of the 5-HT2A system: age-, gender-, and Alzheimer’s disease-related findings. Neurobiol Aging 24(4):553–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00137-9
doi: 10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00137-9 pubmed: 12714112
Wang W-Y, Tan M-S, Yu J-T, Tan L (2015) Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from microglia in Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Transl Med 3(10). https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.03.49
Watts R, Day C, Krzanowski J, Nutt D, Carhart-Harris R (2017) Patients’ accounts of increased “connectedness” and “acceptance” after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. J Humanist Psychol 57(5):520–564. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167817709585
doi: 10.1177/0022167817709585
Weintraub S, Wicklund AH, Salmon DP (2012) The neuropsychological profile of Alzheimer disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2(4):a006171. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a006171
doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006171 pubmed: 22474609 pmcid: 3312395
Williams GV, Rao SG, Goldman-Rakic PS (2002) The physiological role of 5-HT2A receptors in working memory. J Neurosci 22(7):2843–2854. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02843.2002
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02843.2002 pubmed: 11923449 pmcid: 6758292
Wimo A, Ballard C, Brayne C, Gauthier S, Handels R, Jones RW, Jonsson L, Khachaturian AS, Kramberger M (2014) Health economic evaluation of treatments for Alzheimer′s disease: impact of new diagnostic criteria. J Intern Med 275(3):304–316. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12167
doi: 10.1111/joim.12167 pubmed: 24605810
Wittmann M, Carter O, Hasler F, Cahn BR, Grimberg U, Spring P, Hell D, Flohr H, Vollenweider FX (2007) Effects of psilocybin on time perception and temporal control of behaviour in humans. J Psychopharmacol 21(1):50–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881106065859
doi: 10.1177/0269881106065859 pubmed: 16714323
Yaden DB, Griffiths RR (2021) The subjective effects of psychedelics are necessary for their enduring therapeutic effects. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 4(2):568–572. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.0c00194
doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00194 pubmed: 33861219
Yu B, Becnel J, Zerfaoui M, Rohatgi R, Boulares AH, Nichols CD (2008) Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor activation suppresses TNF-α-induced inflammation with extraordinary potency. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.108.143461
Yuede CM, Wallace CE, Davis TA, Gardiner WD, Hettinger JC, Edwards HM, Hendrix RD, Doherty BM, Yuede KM, Burstein ES, Cirrito JR (2021) Pimavanserin, a 5HT2A receptor inverse agonist, rapidly suppresses Aβ production and related pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 156(5):658–673. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15260
doi: 10.1111/jnc.15260 pubmed: 33278025 pmcid: 7946332
Yuki D, Sugiura Y, Zaima N, Akatsu H, Takei S, Yao I, Maesako M, Kinoshita A, Yamamoto T, Kon R, Sugiyama K, Setou M (2014) DHA-PC and PSD-95 decrease after loss of synaptophysin and before neuronal loss in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Sci Rep 4(1):7130. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep07130
doi: 10.1038/srep07130 pubmed: 25410733 pmcid: 5382699
Zhang G, Stackman RW Jr (2015) The role of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in memory and cognition. Front Pharmacol 6:225
pubmed: 26500553 pmcid: 4594018
Zhang G, Ásgeirsdóttir HN, Cohen SJ, Munchow AH, Barrera MP, Stackman RW (2013) Stimulation of serotonin 2A receptors facilitates consolidation and extinction of fear memory in C57BL/6J mice. Neuropharmacology 64:403–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.007
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.007 pubmed: 22722027
Zhang G, Cinalli D, Cohen SJ, Knapp KD, Rios LM, Martínez-Hernández J, Luján R, Stackman RW (2016) Examination of the hippocampal contribution to serotonin 5-HT2A receptor-mediated facilitation of object memory in C57BL/6J mice. Neuropharmacology 109:332–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.033
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.033 pubmed: 27114257
Zhao Q-F, Tan L, Wang H-F, Jiang T, Tan M-S, Tan L, Xu W, Li J-Q, Wang J, Lai T-J, Yu J-T (2016) The prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 190:264–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.069
doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.069 pubmed: 26540080
Zhou J, Seeley WW (2014) Network dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia: implications for psychiatry. Biol Psychiatry 75(7):565–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.01.020
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.01.020 pubmed: 24629669
Zotova E, Nicoll JA, Kalaria R, Holmes C, Boche D (2010) Inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: relevance to pathogenesis and therapy. Alzheimers Res Ther 2(1):1. https://doi.org/10.1186/alzrt24
doi: 10.1186/alzrt24 pubmed: 20122289 pmcid: 2874260

Auteurs

Albert Garcia-Romeu (A)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. agarci33@jhmi.edu.
Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. agarci33@jhmi.edu.

Sean Darcy (S)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Hillary Jackson (H)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Toni White (T)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Memory and Alzheimer's Treatment Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Paul Rosenberg (P)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Memory and Alzheimer's Treatment Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH