Sex differences in deleterious mutational effects in Drosophila melanogaster: combining quantitative and population genetic insights.
Alleles
Animals
Chromosomes, Insect
/ genetics
Drosophila melanogaster
/ genetics
Evolution, Molecular
Female
Gene Frequency
Genes, Insect
Genetic Fitness
Genome-Wide Association Study
Linear Models
Male
Models, Genetic
Multifactorial Inheritance
Polymorphism, Genetic
Quantitative Trait Loci
Selection, Genetic
Sex Factors
X Chromosome
/ genetics
GWAS
X chromosome
autosomes
deleterious polymorphism
dominance
fitness
population genetics
purifying selection
quantitative genetics
sex differences
Journal
Genetics
ISSN: 1943-2631
Titre abrégé: Genetics
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0374636
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 11 2021
05 11 2021
Historique:
received:
05
02
2021
accepted:
25
08
2021
entrez:
5
11
2021
pubmed:
6
11
2021
medline:
23
2
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Fitness effects of deleterious mutations can differ between females and males due to: (i) sex differences in the strength of purifying selection; and (ii) sex differences in ploidy. Although sex differences in fitness effects have important broader implications (e.g., for the evolution of sex and lifespan), few studies have quantified their scope. Those that have belong to one of two distinct empirical traditions: (i) quantitative genetics, which focusses on multi-locus genetic variances in each sex, but is largely agnostic about their genetic basis; and (ii) molecular population genetics, which focusses on comparing autosomal and X-linked polymorphism, but is poorly suited for inferring contemporary sex differences. Here, we combine both traditions to present a comprehensive analysis of female and male adult reproductive fitness among 202 outbred, laboratory-adapted, hemiclonal genomes of Drosophila melanogaster. While we find no clear evidence for sex differences in the strength of purifying selection, sex differences in ploidy generate multiple signals of enhanced purifying selection for X-linked loci. These signals are present in quantitative genetic metrics-i.e., a disproportionate contribution of the X to male (but not female) fitness variation-and population genetic metrics-i.e., steeper regressions of an allele's average fitness effect on its frequency, and proportionally less nonsynonymous polymorphism on the X than autosomes. Fitting our data to models for both sets of metrics, we infer that deleterious alleles are partially recessive. Given the often-large gap between quantitative and population genetic estimates of evolutionary parameters, our study showcases the benefits of combining genomic and fitness data when estimating such parameters.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34740242
pii: 6362879
doi: 10.1093/genetics/iyab143
pmc: PMC8570791
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Genetics Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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