Urinary estrogen metabolites and gastric cancer risk among postmenopausal women.
estradiol
estrogens
estrone
gastric cancer
sex hormones
Journal
Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)
ISSN: 2573-8348
Titre abrégé: Cancer Rep (Hoboken)
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101747728
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 2022
07 2022
Historique:
revised:
31
08
2021
received:
15
06
2021
accepted:
21
09
2021
pubmed:
13
11
2021
medline:
29
7
2022
entrez:
12
11
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The overall incidence of gastric cancer in women is half that in men for most global populations. Sex hormone pathways may be involved in carcinogenesis and estrogens have been postulated to protect women against gastric cancer. To evaluate associations of gastric cancer with estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women. We performed an analysis of 233 gastric cancer cases and 281 age-matched controls from three prospective cohorts and two case-control studies of early-stage gastric cancer, mainly conducted in high-risk Asian populations. Fifteen estrogen-parent (estrone and estradiol) and -metabolite analytes (2-hydroxyestrone, 2-hydroxyestradiol, 2-hydroxyestrone-3-methyl ether, 4-hydroxyestrone; 4-methoxyestrone, 4-methoxyestradiol, 2-methoxyestrone, 2-methoxyestradiol, estriol, 16α-hydroxyestrone, 16-ketoestradiol, 16-epiestriol, and 17-epiestriol) were measured in spot urines using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Odds ratios for association with each marker were estimated by logistic regression. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test. Study-specific odds ratios were pooled by fixed-effects meta-analysis. Urinary levels of estrogen-related molecules were not associated with gastric cancer (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 0.87 to 1.27; p-values >.05), with low between-study heterogeneity (p-values >.1) for all but two metabolites (2-hydroxyestrone-3-methyl ether and 2-methoxyestradiol). To date, this is the first comprehensive assessment of endogenous estrogens with gastric cancer risk in women. Estrogens do not appear to have an etiologic role in gastric cancer risk among postmenopausal women. Given the complex network of sex steroid hormones and their extreme variation over the lifespan, further evaluation of this hypothesis is warranted.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
The overall incidence of gastric cancer in women is half that in men for most global populations. Sex hormone pathways may be involved in carcinogenesis and estrogens have been postulated to protect women against gastric cancer.
AIM
To evaluate associations of gastric cancer with estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We performed an analysis of 233 gastric cancer cases and 281 age-matched controls from three prospective cohorts and two case-control studies of early-stage gastric cancer, mainly conducted in high-risk Asian populations. Fifteen estrogen-parent (estrone and estradiol) and -metabolite analytes (2-hydroxyestrone, 2-hydroxyestradiol, 2-hydroxyestrone-3-methyl ether, 4-hydroxyestrone; 4-methoxyestrone, 4-methoxyestradiol, 2-methoxyestrone, 2-methoxyestradiol, estriol, 16α-hydroxyestrone, 16-ketoestradiol, 16-epiestriol, and 17-epiestriol) were measured in spot urines using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Odds ratios for association with each marker were estimated by logistic regression. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test. Study-specific odds ratios were pooled by fixed-effects meta-analysis. Urinary levels of estrogen-related molecules were not associated with gastric cancer (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 0.87 to 1.27; p-values >.05), with low between-study heterogeneity (p-values >.1) for all but two metabolites (2-hydroxyestrone-3-methyl ether and 2-methoxyestradiol).
CONCLUSION
To date, this is the first comprehensive assessment of endogenous estrogens with gastric cancer risk in women. Estrogens do not appear to have an etiologic role in gastric cancer risk among postmenopausal women. Given the complex network of sex steroid hormones and their extreme variation over the lifespan, further evaluation of this hypothesis is warranted.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34766475
doi: 10.1002/cnr2.1574
pmc: PMC9327671
doi:
Substances chimiques
Estrogens
0
Methyl Ethers
0
2-Methoxyestradiol
6I2QW73SR5
Estriol
FB33469R8E
Types de publication
Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e1574Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Authors. Cancer Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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