Racing-associated fatalities in Norwegian and Swedish harness racehorses: Incidence rates, risk factors, and principal postmortem findings.
horse
sudden athletic death
sudden cardiac death
sudden death
Journal
Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
Titre abrégé: J Vet Intern Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8708660
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Mar 2022
Mar 2022
Historique:
revised:
03
01
2022
received:
19
04
2021
accepted:
07
01
2022
pubmed:
22
1
2022
medline:
1
4
2022
entrez:
21
1
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
There are no reports on the number of fatalities or causes of death in the Norwegian and Swedish harness racehorses. The incidence rates (IRs), risk factors, and postmortem findings in horses that died or were euthanized associated with racing between 2014 and 2019 were investigated. Thirty-eight Standardbreds and 10 Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded Trotters died or were euthanized associated with racing. A total of 816 085 race-starts were recorded. Incidence rates were calculated for both countries and horse breeds. Risk factors for sudden death were identified using a case-control logistic model. Postmortem examinations were performed in 43 horses. The overall fatality IR was 0.059/1000 race-starts. Traumatic injuries accounted for 14.5%, while sudden death for 85.5% of fatalities. Only minor differences between countries and breeds were recorded. The number of starts within the last 30 days increased the risk of sudden death (5 starts odds ratio (OR) 228.80, confidence interval (CI) 10.9-4793). An opposite non-linear effect was observed in number of starts the last 180 days (>10 starts OR 0.12, CI 0.02-0.68). Seven horses were euthanized because of catastrophic injury. Acute circulatory collapse because of suspected cardiac or pulmonary failure or both was recorded in 30 horses, while major hemorrhage after vessel rupture was the primary cause of death in 10 cases. One horse collapsed and died but was not submitted for autopsy. Comparatively low rates of catastrophic orthopedic fatalities were reported, while causes and IR of sudden death were similar to previous studies.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
There are no reports on the number of fatalities or causes of death in the Norwegian and Swedish harness racehorses.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
The incidence rates (IRs), risk factors, and postmortem findings in horses that died or were euthanized associated with racing between 2014 and 2019 were investigated.
ANIMALS
METHODS
Thirty-eight Standardbreds and 10 Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded Trotters died or were euthanized associated with racing. A total of 816 085 race-starts were recorded.
METHODS
METHODS
Incidence rates were calculated for both countries and horse breeds. Risk factors for sudden death were identified using a case-control logistic model. Postmortem examinations were performed in 43 horses.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The overall fatality IR was 0.059/1000 race-starts. Traumatic injuries accounted for 14.5%, while sudden death for 85.5% of fatalities. Only minor differences between countries and breeds were recorded. The number of starts within the last 30 days increased the risk of sudden death (5 starts odds ratio (OR) 228.80, confidence interval (CI) 10.9-4793). An opposite non-linear effect was observed in number of starts the last 180 days (>10 starts OR 0.12, CI 0.02-0.68). Seven horses were euthanized because of catastrophic injury. Acute circulatory collapse because of suspected cardiac or pulmonary failure or both was recorded in 30 horses, while major hemorrhage after vessel rupture was the primary cause of death in 10 cases. One horse collapsed and died but was not submitted for autopsy.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
CONCLUSIONS
Comparatively low rates of catastrophic orthopedic fatalities were reported, while causes and IR of sudden death were similar to previous studies.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35060194
doi: 10.1111/jvim.16364
pmc: PMC8965266
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
778-786Informations de copyright
© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Références
Equine Vet J. 2015 Jul;47(4):398-404
pubmed: 24819401
Br J Sports Med. 2016 Mar;50(5):273-80
pubmed: 26758673
J Vet Cardiol. 2008 Dec;10(2):105-9
pubmed: 19019757
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1985 Dec 15;187(12):1354-6
pubmed: 4086352
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1988 Jul 1;193(1):102-6
pubmed: 3417520
Prev Vet Med. 2020 Jun;179:105010
pubmed: 32447072
Equine Vet J. 2005 May;37(3):269-71
pubmed: 15892239
Equine Vet J. 1988 Mar;20(2):99-103
pubmed: 3371329
Prev Vet Med. 1998 Jan;33(1-4):159-70
pubmed: 9500171
Vet Pathol. 2019 Jul;56(4):576-585
pubmed: 30917748
Equine Vet J. 2016 Jul;48(4):406-13
pubmed: 27156002
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2012 Mar-Apr;54(5):407-15
pubmed: 22386291
PLoS One. 2018 Mar 21;13(3):e0194299
pubmed: 29561898
Acta Vet Scand. 2010 Sep 22;52:53
pubmed: 20860836
Am J Vet Res. 2007 Dec;68(12):1370-5
pubmed: 18052743
Equine Vet J. 2006 Jul;38(4):312-8
pubmed: 16866197
Heart Vessels Suppl. 1987;2:40-6
pubmed: 3449504
Curr Sports Med Rep. 2013 Mar-Apr;12(2):63-9
pubmed: 23478555
Vet J. 2020 Feb;256:105433
pubmed: 32113587
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2017 Jul;29(4):465-475
pubmed: 28613116
J Vet Intern Med. 2022 Mar;36(2):778-786
pubmed: 35060194
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Jul 13;56(3):169-76
pubmed: 20620736
J Vet Intern Med. 2010 Sep-Oct;24(5):1158-66
pubmed: 20584140
Equine Vet J. 2001 Sep;33(5):478-86
pubmed: 11558743
Equine Vet J. 1994 Jul;26(4):327-30
pubmed: 8575402
Curr Med Chem. 2007;14(13):1427-36
pubmed: 17584054
Equine Vet J. 2007 Sep;39(5):430-7
pubmed: 17910268
Br Vet J. 1982 Sep-Oct;138(5):417-29
pubmed: 7127064
Equine Vet J. 2011 May;43(3):324-31
pubmed: 21492210
Equine Vet J. 2005 May;37(3):265-8
pubmed: 15892238
J Vet Med Sci. 1999 Aug;61(8):921-8
pubmed: 10487232
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1996 Jan 1;208(1):92-6
pubmed: 8682713
Am J Vet Res. 2004 Nov;65(11):1508-17
pubmed: 15566089
J Vet Intern Med. 2015 May-Jun;29(3):743-58
pubmed: 25996660
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2017 Jul;29(4):442-449
pubmed: 28114865
Equine Vet J. 2017 Nov;49(6):700-705
pubmed: 28235142
Vet J. 2019 Mar;245:29-40
pubmed: 30819423
Equine Vet J. 2020 Nov;52(6):782-786
pubmed: 33017494
Br J Sports Med. 2016 Sep;50(17):1030-41
pubmed: 27535989
Equine Vet J. 2012 Jul;44(4):459-65
pubmed: 22128788
Equine Vet J. 2019 Mar;51(2):206-211
pubmed: 29969157
Equine Vet J. 2019 Jan;51(1):64-76
pubmed: 29672910
Equine Vet J. 2018 Sep;50(5):644-648
pubmed: 29330860
J Vet Intern Med. 2012 Sep-Oct;26(5):1202-8
pubmed: 22827474
Vet J. 2021 Jan;267:105574
pubmed: 33375960
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2017 Jul;29(4):457-464
pubmed: 28382856