Ginseng alleviates folliculogenesis disorders via induction of cell proliferation and downregulation of apoptotic markers in nicotine-treated mice.
Animals
Apoptosis
/ drug effects
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
/ genetics
Catalase
/ blood
Cell Proliferation
/ drug effects
Down-Regulation
/ drug effects
Female
Hormones
/ blood
Ki-67 Antigen
/ metabolism
Lipid Peroxidation
/ drug effects
Malondialdehyde
/ blood
Mice
Nicotine
/ pharmacology
Ovary
/ drug effects
Panax
Plant Preparations
/ pharmacology
Superoxide Dismutase
/ blood
Apoptosis
Nicotine
Ovary
Panax ginseng
Proliferation
Journal
Journal of ovarian research
ISSN: 1757-2215
Titre abrégé: J Ovarian Res
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101474849
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
23 Jan 2022
23 Jan 2022
Historique:
received:
14
06
2021
accepted:
05
01
2022
entrez:
24
1
2022
pubmed:
25
1
2022
medline:
17
3
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Ginseng is a powerful phytoestrogen with high antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Panax Ginseng (PG) on folliculogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis in the ovary impaired by nicotine. Forty adult mice were divided into five groups. Control, sham, and nicotine groups, and co-treated groups of nicotine and ginseng in doses of 0.5 and 1 g/kg. Folliculogenesis was assessed via histopathology and serum evaluation of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) by ELISA. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities both in homogenate tissue and serum were assayed by colorimetric analysis. Apoptotic markers of cytochrome c (Cyt c), Bax, and Bcl-2 were evaluated by RT-PCR. Proliferative index was studied by the Ki-67 immunostaining procedure. In comparison to the control or sham groups, nicotine significantly reduced the levels of FSH, LH, and estradiol hormones. An insignificant reduction was observed in the progesterone hormone. Nicotine reduced all healthy follicle numbers, except primordial (P = 0.001). Malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased in tissue and serum in the nicotine group (P = 0.01). Serum catalase (CAT) and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) both were reduced in tissue and the serum, in the nicotine group. Nicotine induced a reduction in the proliferative indexes of granulosa and theca cells in pre-antral and antral follicles (P = 0.001). However, its effect on the proliferative index of stroma cells was not significant. Apoptotic markers were elevated in the nicotine group (P = 0.001). Co-treatment with ginseng elevated all sex hormones, increased healthy follicles, and reduced tissue or serum lipid peroxidation, compared with the nicotine group (p < 0.05). Co-Treatment with ginseng also reduced the expression of apoptotic markers and increased the proliferative indexes in granulosa and theca cells in pre-antral and antral follicles and also in stroma cells, in comparison to the nicotine group (P = 0.001). All above-mentioned alterations following treatment with ginseng were remarkable, especially in the dose of 1 g/kg. This study showed ginseng protects folliculogenesis via alteration of hypothalamic- pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, induction of proliferation in ovarian somatic cells, reduction of lipid peroxidation, and downregulation of apoptotic markers in the mouse ovary, treated with nicotine.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Ginseng is a powerful phytoestrogen with high antioxidant properties.
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Panax Ginseng (PG) on folliculogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis in the ovary impaired by nicotine.
METHODS
METHODS
Forty adult mice were divided into five groups. Control, sham, and nicotine groups, and co-treated groups of nicotine and ginseng in doses of 0.5 and 1 g/kg. Folliculogenesis was assessed via histopathology and serum evaluation of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) by ELISA. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities both in homogenate tissue and serum were assayed by colorimetric analysis. Apoptotic markers of cytochrome c (Cyt c), Bax, and Bcl-2 were evaluated by RT-PCR. Proliferative index was studied by the Ki-67 immunostaining procedure.
RESULTS
RESULTS
In comparison to the control or sham groups, nicotine significantly reduced the levels of FSH, LH, and estradiol hormones. An insignificant reduction was observed in the progesterone hormone. Nicotine reduced all healthy follicle numbers, except primordial (P = 0.001). Malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased in tissue and serum in the nicotine group (P = 0.01). Serum catalase (CAT) and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) both were reduced in tissue and the serum, in the nicotine group. Nicotine induced a reduction in the proliferative indexes of granulosa and theca cells in pre-antral and antral follicles (P = 0.001). However, its effect on the proliferative index of stroma cells was not significant. Apoptotic markers were elevated in the nicotine group (P = 0.001). Co-treatment with ginseng elevated all sex hormones, increased healthy follicles, and reduced tissue or serum lipid peroxidation, compared with the nicotine group (p < 0.05). Co-Treatment with ginseng also reduced the expression of apoptotic markers and increased the proliferative indexes in granulosa and theca cells in pre-antral and antral follicles and also in stroma cells, in comparison to the nicotine group (P = 0.001). All above-mentioned alterations following treatment with ginseng were remarkable, especially in the dose of 1 g/kg.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed ginseng protects folliculogenesis via alteration of hypothalamic- pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, induction of proliferation in ovarian somatic cells, reduction of lipid peroxidation, and downregulation of apoptotic markers in the mouse ovary, treated with nicotine.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35067219
doi: 10.1186/s13048-022-00945-x
pii: 10.1186/s13048-022-00945-x
pmc: PMC8785492
doi:
Substances chimiques
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
0
Hormones
0
Ki-67 Antigen
0
Plant Preparations
0
Malondialdehyde
4Y8F71G49Q
Nicotine
6M3C89ZY6R
Catalase
EC 1.11.1.6
Superoxide Dismutase
EC 1.15.1.1
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
14Subventions
Organisme : guilan university of medical sciences
ID : 96101603
Organisme : guilan university of medical sciences
ID : 2018
Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
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