Pharmacological Management of Heroin Withdrawal Syndrome: A Century of Expert Opinions in Cecil Textbook of Medicine.
Journal
American journal of therapeutics
ISSN: 1536-3686
Titre abrégé: Am J Ther
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9441347
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
14 Feb 2022
14 Feb 2022
Historique:
pubmed:
17
2
2022
medline:
12
4
2022
entrez:
16
2
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Opioid use disorder continues to have a significant impact on public health morbidity and mortality throughout the United States and elsewhere. Managing opioid withdrawal is a critical treatment goal in individuals entering treatment with an active opioid use. What are the milestones of the changes in the expert approach to the pharmacological management of heroin withdrawal syndrome in the past century? To determine the changes in the expert approach to the management of heroin withdrawal syndrome, as presented in a widely used textbook in the United States. The chapters on opioid dependence in the 26 editions of Cecil Textbook of Medicine published from 1927 through 2020. Opioid replacement taper with morphine (1927-1947), codeine (1931-1943), and methadone (1951-present) administered for 3-10 days has remained the main intervention. The anticholinergic drugs, scopolamine and atropine, were recommended from 1927 to 1943, but their use has never been backed by scientific evidence. Newer approaches relied on clonidine, an alpha-2 receptor agonist used since 1982, and buprenorphine, an opioid agonist/antagonist endorsed for the treatment of heroin withdrawal in 2000. The pharmacological management of heroin withdrawal syndrome in the past century has progressed from the introduction of methadone to the utilization of clonidine and buprenorphine. More recent advances in treating opioid use disorder have changed the goals of opioid withdrawal management to achievement of abstinence from all opioids to facilitation of long-term treatment with medications for opioid use disorder.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Opioid use disorder continues to have a significant impact on public health morbidity and mortality throughout the United States and elsewhere. Managing opioid withdrawal is a critical treatment goal in individuals entering treatment with an active opioid use.
STUDY QUESTION
OBJECTIVE
What are the milestones of the changes in the expert approach to the pharmacological management of heroin withdrawal syndrome in the past century?
STUDY DESIGN
METHODS
To determine the changes in the expert approach to the management of heroin withdrawal syndrome, as presented in a widely used textbook in the United States.
DATA SOURCES
METHODS
The chapters on opioid dependence in the 26 editions of Cecil Textbook of Medicine published from 1927 through 2020.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Opioid replacement taper with morphine (1927-1947), codeine (1931-1943), and methadone (1951-present) administered for 3-10 days has remained the main intervention. The anticholinergic drugs, scopolamine and atropine, were recommended from 1927 to 1943, but their use has never been backed by scientific evidence. Newer approaches relied on clonidine, an alpha-2 receptor agonist used since 1982, and buprenorphine, an opioid agonist/antagonist endorsed for the treatment of heroin withdrawal in 2000.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
The pharmacological management of heroin withdrawal syndrome in the past century has progressed from the introduction of methadone to the utilization of clonidine and buprenorphine. More recent advances in treating opioid use disorder have changed the goals of opioid withdrawal management to achievement of abstinence from all opioids to facilitation of long-term treatment with medications for opioid use disorder.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35170499
doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001478
pii: 00045391-900000000-97964
doi:
Substances chimiques
Analgesics, Opioid
0
Narcotics
0
Buprenorphine
40D3SCR4GZ
Heroin
70D95007SX
Clonidine
MN3L5RMN02
Methadone
UC6VBE7V1Z
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e193-e198Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
P. Manu has contributed a chapter to each of the last 4 editions of Cecil Medicine (2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020). The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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