Case Report: Evolution of Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Two COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections After BNT162b2 Vaccine.
SARS-CoV-2
breakthrough infection
immune evasion
vaccine
variant of concern
Journal
Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
Titre abrégé: Front Immunol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101560960
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
06
10
2021
accepted:
31
01
2022
entrez:
14
3
2022
pubmed:
15
3
2022
medline:
22
3
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections after complete vaccination are increasing whereas their determinants remain uncharacterized. We analyzed two cases of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infections by α and β variants, respectively. For each participant both humoral (binding and neutralizing antibodies) and cellular (activation markers and cytokine expression) immune responses were characterized longitudinally. The first participant (P1) was infected by an α variant and displayed an extended and short period of viral excretion and symptom. Analysis of cellular and humoral response 72 h post-symptom onset revealed that P1 failed at developing neutralizing antibodies and a potent CD4 memory response (lack of SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4 An analysis of cellular and humoral response suggests two possible mechanisms of breakthrough infection: a poor immune response to vaccine and viral evasion to neutralizing antibodies.
Sections du résumé
Background
SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections after complete vaccination are increasing whereas their determinants remain uncharacterized.
Methods
We analyzed two cases of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infections by α and β variants, respectively. For each participant both humoral (binding and neutralizing antibodies) and cellular (activation markers and cytokine expression) immune responses were characterized longitudinally.
Results
The first participant (P1) was infected by an α variant and displayed an extended and short period of viral excretion and symptom. Analysis of cellular and humoral response 72 h post-symptom onset revealed that P1 failed at developing neutralizing antibodies and a potent CD4 memory response (lack of SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4
Conclusions
An analysis of cellular and humoral response suggests two possible mechanisms of breakthrough infection: a poor immune response to vaccine and viral evasion to neutralizing antibodies.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35281046
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.790212
pmc: PMC8905643
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antibodies, Neutralizing
0
Antibodies, Viral
0
COVID-19 Vaccines
0
BNT162 Vaccine
N38TVC63NU
Types de publication
Case Reports
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
790212Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Gallais, Gantner, Planas, Solis, Bruel, Pierre, Soulier, Rossolillo, Fourati, Sibilia, Schwartz and Fafi-Kremer.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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