Gender differences in emotional reminiscing in a Scandinavian sample.
Parent-child reminiscing
autobiographical memory
emotion narratives
emotion socialization
gender differences
Journal
Scandinavian journal of psychology
ISSN: 1467-9450
Titre abrégé: Scand J Psychol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0404510
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jun 2022
Jun 2022
Historique:
revised:
12
10
2021
received:
01
03
2021
accepted:
07
12
2021
pubmed:
16
3
2022
medline:
17
5
2022
entrez:
15
3
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Emotional reminiscing is a context where children learn culture-specific ways of understanding past emotional experiences through parentally scaffolded conversations, and learn how to connect these disparate experiences into their developing autobiographical memory. The goal of the present investigation was to explore possible gender differences in emotional reminiscing in an egalitarian cultural context (Denmark). Mothers and fathers from families (N = 88) reminisced about a happy and a sad past event with their 4.5-year-old children. Parents' and children's contributions were coded for emotion words, emotion attributions, and explanations. The emotional content did not differ as a function of parent or child gender. However, Danish children talked more about emotions overall with their mothers compared to their fathers. The results are discussed in light of the socio-cultural practices.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
173-181Subventions
Organisme : Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
ID : 89
Organisme : Velux Fonden
ID : 10386
Informations de copyright
© 2022 Scandinavian Psychological Associations and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Références
Adams, S., Kuebli, J., Boyle, P.A. & Fivush, R. (1995). Gender differences in parent-child conversations about past emotions: A longitudinal investigation. Sex Roles, 33, 309-323.
Aznar, A. & Tenenbaum, H.R. (2013). Spanish parents' emotion talk and their children's understanding of emotion. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 670.
Aznar, A. & Tenenbaum, H.R. (2015). Gender and age differences in parent-child emotion talk. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 33, 148-155.
Aznar, A. & Tenenbaum, H.R. (2020a). Gender comparisons in mother-child emotion talk: A meta-analysis. Sex Roles, 82, 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-019-01042-y
Aznar, A. & Tenenbaum, H.R. (2020b). Gender comparisons in mother-child emotion talk: A meta-analysis. Sex Roles, 82, 155-162.
Bonke, J., Deding, M., Lausten, M. & Stratton, L.S. (2008). Intra-household specialization in housework in the United States and Denmark. Social Science Quarterly, 89, 1023-1043. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2008.00597.x
Brannon, L. (2000). Gender: Psychological perspectives, 2nd edition. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Brody, L. (1997). Gender and emotion: Beyond stereotypes. Journal of Social Issues, 53, 369-393.
Brody, L. & Hall, J.A. (2000). Gender, emotion, and expression. In M. Lewis & J.M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (2nd edition, pp. 338-349). New York: The Guilford Press.
Bürümlü-Kisa, E. & Sahin-Acar, B. (2020). How did you feel back then? Emotional memory conversations among mother-father-child triads. In S. Gülgöz & B. Sahin-Acar (Eds.), Autobiographical memory development: Theoretical and methodological approaches (pp. 136-147). London: Routledge.
Carmiol, A. & Schröder, L. (2019). Emotion talk during mother-child reminiscing and book sharing and children's socioemotional competence: Evidence from Costa Rica and Germany. Culture and Brain, 7, 126-147.
Chaplin, T.M. (2015). Gender and emotion expression: A developmental contextual perspective. Emotion Review, 7, 14-21.
Craig, L. & Mullan, K. (2011). How mothers and fathers share childcare: A cross-national time-use comparison. American Sociological Review, 76, 834-861.
Doan, S.N. & Wang, Q. (2010). Maternal discussions of mental states and behaviors: Relations to emotion situation knowledge in European American and immigrant Chinese children. Child Development, 81, 1490-1503.
Dunn, J., Brown, J. & Beardsall, L. (1991). Family talk about feeling states and Children's later understanding of Others' emotions. Developmental Psychology, 27, 448-455.
Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A. & Spinrad, T.L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 241-273.
Endendijk, J.J., Groeneveld, M.G. & Mesman, J. (2018). The gendered family process model: An integrative framework of gender in the family. The Official Publication of the International Academy of Sex Research, 47, 877-904.
Fischer, K.W., Wang, L., Kennedy, B. & Cheng, C.-L. (1998). Culture and biology in emotional development. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 1998, 21-43. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219988004
Fivush, R. (2007). Maternal reminiscing style and children's developing understanding of self and emotion. Clinical Social Work Journal, 35, 37-46.
Fivush, R. (2013). Gender and voice in emotional reminiscing. In K.H. Lagattuta (Ed.), Children and emotion: New insights into developmental affective science ( Vol. 26, pp. 81-94). Basel: S Karger AG.
Fivush, R. (2019a). Family narratives and the development of an autobiographical self: Social and cultural perspectives on autobiographical memory. New York: Routledge.
Fivush, R. (2019b). Sociocultural developmental approaches to autobiographical memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 33, 489-497.
Fivush, R., Berlin, L., Sales, J., Mennuti-Washburn, J. & Cassidy, J. (2003). Functions of parent-child reminiscing about emotionally negative events. Memory: Autobiographical Memory: Exploring its Functions in Everyday Life, 11, 179-192.
Fivush, R., Bohanek, J. G., Zaman, W., & Grapin, S. (2012). Gender differences in adolescents' autobiographical narratives. Journal of Cognition and Development, 13(3), 295-319.
Fivush, R., Brotman, M.A., Buckner, J.P. & Goodman, S.H. (2000). Gender differences in parent-child emotion narratives. Sex Roles, 42, 233-253.
Fivush, R. & Wang, Q. (2005). Emotion talk in mother-child conversations of the shared past: The effects of culture, gender, and event valence. Journal of Cognition and Development, 6, 489-506.
Fivush, R. & Zaman, W. (2015). Gendered narrative voices: Sociocultural and feminist approaches to emerging identity in childhood and adolescence. In K.C. McLean & M.U. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 33-52). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Grysman, A. & Hudson, J.A. (2013). Gender differences in autobiographical memory: Developmental and methodological considerations. Developmental Review, 33, 239-272.
Han, J.J., Leichtman, M.D. & Wang, Q. (1998). Autobiographical memory in Korean, Chinese, and American children. Developmental Psychology, 34, 701-713.
Hayne, H. & MacDonald, S. (2003). The socialization of autobiographical memory in childrenand adults: The roles of culture and gender. In R. Fivush & C.A. Haden (Eds.), Connecting culture and memory: The social construction of an autobiographical self (pp. 99-120). Mahwah, NJ: Erlabum.
Kingo, O.S., Berntsen, D. & Krøjgaard, P. (2013). Adults' earliest memories as a function of age, gender, and education in a large stratified sample. Psychology and Aging, 28, 646-653.
Koh, j.B.K. & Wang, Q. (2021). Mother-child reminiscing about emotionally negative events and children's long-term mental health. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-12.
Kuebli, J. & Fivush, R. (1992). Gender differences in parent-child conversations about past emotions. Sex Roles, 27, 683-698.
Lagattuta, K.H. & Wellman, H.M. (2002). Differences in early parent-child conversations about negative versus positive emotions: Implications for the development of psychological understanding. Developmental Psychology, 38, 564-580.
Laible, D. (2004). Mother-child discourse surrounding a child's past behavior at 30 months: Links to emotional understanding and early conscience development at 36 months. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 50, 159-180.
Laible, D. (2011). Does it matter if preschool children and mothers discuss positive vs. negative events during reminiscing? Links with mother-reported attachment, family emotional climate, and Socioemotional development. Social Development, 20, 394-411.
Laible, D. & Thompson, R.A. (2000). Mother-child discourse, attachment security, shared positive affect, and early conscience development. Child Development, 71, 1424-1440.
Leyva, D., Berrocal, M. & Nolivos, V. (2014). Spanish-speaking parent-child emotional narratives and Children's social skills. Journal of Cognition and Development, 15, 22-42.
Leyva, D., Catalán Molina, D., Suárez, C., Tamis-LeMonda, C.S. & Yoshikawa, H. (2021). Mother-child reminiscing and first-graders’ emotion competence in a low-income and ethnically diverse sample. Journal of Cognition and Development, 22, 501-522. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2021.1908293
Leyva, D. & Nolivos, V. (2015). Chilean family reminiscing about emotions and its relation to Children's self-regulation skills. Early Education and Development: Self-Regulation Across Different Cultural Contexts, 26, 770-791.
Löckenhoff, C. E., Chan, W., McCrae, R. R., De Fruyt, F., Jussim, L., De Bolle, M. et al. (2014). Gender stereotypes of personality: Universal and accurate? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45, 675-694.
Manczak, E.M., Mangelsdorf, S.C., Mcadams, D.P., Wong, M.S., Schoppe-Sullivan, S. & Brown, G.L. (2016). “How did that make you feel?” influences of gender and parental personality on family emotion talk. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 62, 388-414.
Mullen, M.K. & Yi, S. (1995). The cultural context of talk about the past: Implications for the development of autobiographical memory. Cognitive Development, 10, 407-419.
Newcombe, R. & Reese, E. (2004). Evaluations and orientations in mother-child narratives as a function of attachment security: A longitudinal investigation. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 230-245.
Oppenheim, D., Koren-Karie, N. & Sagi-Schwartz, A. (2007). Emotion dialogues between mothers and children at 4.5 and 7.5 years: Relations with children's attachment at 1 year. Child Development, 78, 38-52.
Reese, E. & Fivush, R. (1993). Parental styles of talking about the past. Developmental Psychology, 29, 596-606.
Sahin-Acar, B. & Leichtman, M.D. (2015). Mother-child memory conversations and self-construal in eastern Turkey, Western Turkey and the USA. Memory: Going Global: The Functions of Autobiographical Memory in Cultural Context, 23, 69-82.
Sales, J.M., Fivush, R. & Peterson, C. (2003). Parental reminiscing about positive and negative events. Journal of Cognition and Development, 4, 185-209.
Salmon, K. & Reese, E. (2015). Talking (or not talking) about the past: The influence of parent-child conversation about negative experiences on Children's memories: Influence of parent-child conversation. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 29, 791-801.
Schröder, L., Keller, H., Kärtner, J., Kleis, A., Abels, M., Yovsi, R. D. et al. (2013). Early reminiscing in cultural contexts: Cultural models, maternal reminiscing styles, and Children's memories. Journal of Cognition and Development, 14, 10-34.
Schug, J., Yoo, S.H. & Atreya, G. (2017). Norms regulating emotional expressions relate to national level generalized trust. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 11, 23-35.
Svane, R.P., Kingo, O.S. & Krøjgaard, P. (2021) A micro-analytic approach on parent-child reminiscing. Cognitive Development, 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.101004
Svane, R. P., Olesen, M. J. R., Kingo, O. S., & Krøjgaard, P. (2021). Gender and parental involvement in parent-child reminiscing in a Scandinavian sample. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 62, 159-169.
Tenenbaum, H.R. & Leaper, C. (2002). Are parents' gender schemas related to their children's gender-related cognitions? A meta-analysis. Developmental Psychology, 38, 615-630.
Tulviste, T., Tõugu, P., Keller, H., Schröder, L. & De Geer, B. (2016). Children's and mothers' contribution to joint reminiscing in different sociocultural contexts: Who speaks and what is said. Infant and Child Development, 25, 43-63.
Van Bergen, P. & Salmon, K. (2010). The association between parent-child reminiscing and children's emotion knowledge. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 39, 51-56.
Wang, Q. (2001). “Did you have fun?”: American and Chinese mother-child conversations about shared emotional experiences. Cognitive Development, 16, 693-715.
Wang, Q. (2006). Relations of maternal style and child self-concept to autobiographical memories in Chinese, Chinese immigrant, and European American 3-year-olds. Child Development, 77, 1794-1809.
Wang, Q. (2013a). The autobiographical self in time and culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wang, Q. (2013b). Chinese socialization and emotion talk between mothers and children in native and immigrant Chinese families. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 4, 185-192.
Wang, Q. (2021a) The cultural foundation of human memory. Annual Review of Psychology, 72, 151-179. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-070920-023638
Wang, Q. (2021b). Cultural pathways and outcomes of autobiographical memory development. Child Development Perspectives, 15, 196-202.
Wang, Q. & Fivush, R. (2005). Mother-child conversations of emotionally salient events: Exploring the functions of emotional reminiscing in European-American and Chinese families. Social Development, 14, 473-495.
Watanabe, N. (2015). Parental socialization of emotion in Japan: Contribution to Preschoolers' emotion knowledge. Ann Arbor: ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
Waters, T., Camia, C., Facompré, C.R. & Fivush, R. (2019). A meta-analytic examination of maternal reminiscing style: Elaboration, gender, and children's cognitive development. Psychological Bulletin, 145, 1082-1102.
Wu, Y. & Jobson, L. (2019). Maternal reminiscing and child autobiographical memory elaboration: A meta-analytic review. Developmental Psychology, 55, 2505-2521.
Yang, Y. & Wang, Q. (2016). The relation of emotion knowledge to coping in European American and Chinese immigrant children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25, 452-463.
Yang, Y. & Wang, Q. (2019). Culture in emotional development. In V. Lobue (Ed.), Handbook of emotional development (pp. 569-593). Cham: Springer.
Zaman, W. & Fivush, R. (2013). Gender differences in elaborative parent-child emotion and play narratives. Sex Roles, 68, 591-604.