Crohn's Disease-Related Stoma Complications and Their Impact on Postsurgical Course.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. The diversion through a colostomy or an ileostomy is sometimes required for disease control. In these patients, common stoma-related complications sum up with CD-related complications and often require revisional surgery. The aim of the study was to assess stoma morbidity after surgery for CD and to identify the burden of CD-related or CD-associated complications. Thus, details of past medical history, surgery, and follow-up of 54 consecutive patients operated on for CD with any sort of stoma were retrieved from the stoma therapist prospectively maintained database. In our series, 23 patients had a colostomy, and 31 patients had an ileostomy. Complications occurred after stoma creation in 38 patients (70%) at a median of 1.3 months (interquartile range 0.6-7.2). CD-related complications arose in 8 patients (including pyoderma gangrenosum in 3 patients, peristomal fistulae in 2, granulomas in 2, and peristomal abscess in 1). Patients with CD-related complications tended to have a shorter disease duration (p = 0.07) and higher occurrence of CD-related complications was associated with end-stoma (p = 0.006). In this cohort, 11 cases had to be surgically treated for peristomal fistulae or abscess, parastomal hernia, prolapse, pyoderma gangrenosum, and recurrent CD. In patients with CD, stoma creation is burdened by a high rate of postoperative complication and a relevant rate is specifically related to CD. Often these patients are required to be reoperated on to redo the stoma. Moreover, end-stoma configuration and aggressive CD phenotype are associated to a higher rate of complications.

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