Retrospective evaluation of cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation in hospitalized birds: 41 cases (2006-2019).
anesthesia
avian
cardiopulmonary arrest
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Journal
Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)
ISSN: 1476-4431
Titre abrégé: J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101152804
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jul 2022
Jul 2022
Historique:
revised:
05
11
2020
received:
26
06
2020
accepted:
12
12
2020
pubmed:
24
3
2022
medline:
29
7
2022
entrez:
23
3
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
To describe circumstances and outcomes following cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) in hospitalized birds. Retrospective case study. Academic medical center. The hospital medical records system was searched for avian cases that underwent CPR. Medical records were reviewed; data retrieved included association of CPA with anesthesia or handling, use of external compressions and intubation, drug administration, rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and outcome. Cases with incomplete medical records were excluded. Forty-one cases of avian CPR were identified. Anesthesia-related arrest was reported in 26 of 41 cases. The remainder of CPA events occurred during an examination (6/41) or were observed during hospitalization for treatment of disease or injury (11/41). Compressions were performed in 14 birds and manual ventilation performed in 21 of 41 cases via intubation (19/21), tight-fitting face mask (1/21), or air sac cannulation (1/21). Vascular access was achieved in 24 of 41 cases. Emergency drug administration was documented in 22 of 41 cases and included epinephrine (20/22), atropine (19/22), glycopyrrolate (3/22), doxapram (2/22), dextrose (3/22), mannitol (1/22), and furosemide (1/22). Fluid therapy was administered in 24 of 41 cases. There were 3 documented cases of ROSC (7%), all in patients under general anesthesia, and 1 (2%) CPA survivor. There was no standardized approach to avian CPR in this study, and ROSC was rare. When ROSC was achieved, birds were under general anesthesia with direct monitoring by a clinician, were ventilated, and were administered anesthetic reversals and anticholinergic or catecholamine emergency medications. These poor outcomes suggest that further research and an updated standardized approach to avian CPR, with special consideration of the physiological differences from mammals, are needed.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
491-499Informations de copyright
© Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society 2022.
Références
Graham J. The critical bird: approach and decision making. Proceedings from the International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Symposium, Washington, DC, 2015.
Stout JD. Common emergencies in pet birds. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2016;19(2):513-541.
Jenkins JR. Critical care of pet birds. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2016;19(2):501-512.
Fletcher DJ, Boller M, Brainard BM, et al. RECOVER evidence and knowledge gap analysis on veterinary CPR. Part 7: clinical guidelines. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2012;22(Suppl 1):S102-S131.
Lichtenberger M, Lennox A. Critical care. In: Speer BL, ed. Current Therapy in Avian Medicine and Surgery. 1st ed. WB Saunders Co; 2016:582-588.
Maaløe R, Hansen CL, Anaestesidødsfald PT. Definition, årsager, risikofaktorer og forebyggelse [Death under anesthesia. Definition, causes, risk factors and prevention]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1995;157(47):6561-6565.
Onuma M, Kondo H, Ono S, Murakami A, Harada T, Sano T. Retrospective investigation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome in 146 exotic animals. J Vet Med Sci. 2017;79(9):1611-1614.
Hofmeister EH, Brainard BM, Egger CM, Kang S. Prognostic indicators for dogs and cats with cardiopulmonary arrest treated by cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation at a university teaching hospital. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2009;235(1):50-57.
Hopper K, Epstein SE, Fletcher DJ, Boller M, RECOVER Basic Life Support Domain Worksheet Authors. RECOVER evidence and knowledge gap analysis on veterinary CPR. Part 3: basic life support. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2012;22(Suppl 1):S26-S43.
Lichtenberger M. Shock and cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation in small mammals and birds. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2007;10(2):275-291.
Paul-Murphy JR, Engilis A Jr, Pascoe PJ, et al. Comparison of intraosseous pentobarbital administration and thoracic compression for euthanasia of anesthetized sparrows (Passer domesticus) and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Am J Vet Res. 2017;78(8):887-899.
Pees M, Krautwald-Junghanns ME. Cardiovascular physiology and diseases of pet birds. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2009;12(1):81-97.
Ludders JW. Comparative anesthesia and analgesia of birds. In: Grimm KA, Lamont LA, Tranquilli WJ, eds. Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. 5th ed. Wiley Blackwell; 2015:800-816.
Graham JE. Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Avian. Wiley Blackwell; 2016.
Beaufrère H, Ammersbach M, Reavill DR, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors associated with atherosclerosis in psittacine birds. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013;242(12):1696-1704.
Briscoe JA, Syring R. Techniques for emergency airway and vascular access in special species. Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med. 2004;13(3):118-131.
Gunkel C, Lafortune M. Current techniques in avian anesthesia. Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med. 2005;14(4):263-276.
Idris AH, Wenzel V, Becker LB, Banner MJ, Orban DJ. Does hypoxia or hypercarbia independently affect resuscitation from cardiac arrest? Chest. 1995;108(2):522-528.
Yeh ST, Cawley RJ, Aune SE, Angelos MG. Oxygen requirement during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to effect return of spontaneous circulation. Resuscitation. 2009;80(8):951-955.
Butler PJ, Jones DR. Physiology of diving of birds and mammals. Physiol Rev. 1997;77(3):837-899.
Boller M, Kellett-Gregory L, Shofer FS, Rishniw M. The clinical practice of CPCR in small animals: an internet-based survey. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2010;20(6):558-570.
Hawkins MG, Guzman DS, Beaufrére H. Birds. In: Carpenter JW, Marion CJ, eds. Exotic Animal Formulary. 5th ed. WB Saunders Co; 2018:167-375.
Lichtenberger M, Orcutt C, Cray C, et al. Comparison of fluid types for resuscitation after acute blood loss in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2009;19(5):467-472.
Degernes LA, Crosier ML, Harrison LD, et al. Autologous, homologous, and heterologous red blood cell transfusions in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). J Avian Med Surg. 1999;13(1):2-9.
Degernes LA, Harrison LD, Smith DW, et al. Autologous, homologous and heterologous red blood cell transfusions in conures of the genus Aratinga. J Avian Med Surg. 1999;13(1):10-14.
Brodbelt DC, Blissett KJ, Hammond RA, et al. The risk of death: the confidential enquiry into perioperative small animal fatalities. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2008;35:365-373.
Seamon AB, Hofmeister E, Divers SJ. Outcome following inhalation anesthesia in birds at a veterinary referral hospital: 352 cases (2004-2014). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2017;251(7):814-817.