Fungal species and mycotoxins in mouldy spots of grass and maize silages in Austria.
Dairy farm
Fungal contamination
Multi-mycotoxin analysis
Silage quality
Spoilage
Journal
Mycotoxin research
ISSN: 1867-1632
Titre abrégé: Mycotoxin Res
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 8807334
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
May 2022
May 2022
Historique:
received:
20
09
2021
accepted:
08
03
2022
revised:
18
02
2022
pubmed:
30
3
2022
medline:
28
4
2022
entrez:
29
3
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Fungi and mycotoxins in silage can have detrimental consequences for both cattle and human health. This pilot study identified, via the routinary direct plating method, the dominant cultivable fungi in mouldy grass silages (GS) (n = 19) and maize silages (MS) (n = 28) from Austria. The profiles of regulated, modified, and emerging mycotoxins together with other fungal metabolites were analysed via LC-(ESI)MS/MS. Penicillium roqueforti, Saccharomyces spp., Geotrichum candidum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Monascus ruber were the most frequent fungal organisms identified. Other species including Mucor circinelloides, Fusarium spp. and Paecilomyces niveus were detected at lower frequencies. The presence of complex mixtures of toxic and potentially toxic compounds was evidenced by high levels and occurrences (≥ 50%) of Penicillium-produced compounds such as mycophenolic acid (MPA), roquefortines (ROCs), andrastins (ANDs) and marcfortine A. Mouldy silages contained toxins commonly produced by genus Fusarium (e.g. zearalenone (ZEN) and trichothecenes), Alternaria (like tenuazonic acid (TeA) and alternariol (AHO)) and Aspergillus (such as sterigmatocystin (STC)). Compared to those in GS, mouldy spots in MS presented significantly higher fungal counts and more diverse toxin profiles, in addition to superior levels of Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. and total fungal metabolites. Generally, no correlation between mould counts and corresponding metabolites was detected, except for the counts of P. roqueforti, which were positively correlated with Penicillium spp. metabolites in mouldy MS. This study represents a first assessment of the fungal diversity in mouldy silage in Austria and highlights its potential role as a substantial contributor to contamination with complex mycotoxin mixtures in cattle diets.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35347677
doi: 10.1007/s12550-022-00453-3
pii: 10.1007/s12550-022-00453-3
pmc: PMC9038934
doi:
Substances chimiques
Mycotoxins
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
117-136Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
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