Evaluation of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) synthase polymorphisms for distinguishing between marijuana and hemp.
CBCA synthase
CBDA synthase
Cannabis sativa
THCA synthase
cannabinoids
chemotype
single nucleotide polymorphisms
Journal
Journal of forensic sciences
ISSN: 1556-4029
Titre abrégé: J Forensic Sci
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0375370
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jul 2022
Jul 2022
Historique:
revised:
28
03
2022
received:
18
02
2022
accepted:
30
03
2022
pubmed:
14
4
2022
medline:
6
7
2022
entrez:
13
4
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) classifies marijuana (Cannabis sativa) as a Schedule I illicit drug. However, the recent Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (U.S. Farm Bill) removed hemp from the definition of marijuana in the CSA, making it a legal crop. As a result, many hemp products are now available, including strains of hemp buds high in other cannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD) or cannabigerol (CBG). The genetic inheritance of chemical phenotype (chemotype) has been widely studied, with the tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) synthase gene at the forefront. Previous studies have speculated that there are two forms of the THCA gene, one that produces an active enzyme (present in marijuana) and one that cannot produce a functional enzyme (present in hemp). A DNA analysis method is desirable for determining crop type in sample types inconducive to chemical analysis, such as immature crops, trace residues, small leaf fragments, seeds, and root material. This study optimized and evaluated a previously reported single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay for determining C. sativa crop type. Furthermore, the presence or absence of 15 cannabinoids, including THC and THCA, was reported in cannabis reference materials and 15 legal hemp flower samples. The SNP assay correctly identified crop type in most samples. However, several marijuana samples were classified as hemp, and several hemp seeds were classified as marijuana. Two strains of legal CBG hemp flowers were also classified as marijuana, indicating that factors other than the genetic variation of the THCA synthase gene should be considered when determining crop type.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35416290
doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.15045
doi:
Substances chimiques
Cannabinoids
0
Dronabinol
7J8897W37S
Hallucinogens
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1370-1381Informations de copyright
© 2022 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.
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