Combined toxicity and toxicity persistence of antidepressants citalopram and mirtazapine to zooplankton Daphnia magna.
Antidepressants
Aquatic risk assessment
Exposure and recovery
Mixture toxicity
Zooplankton
Journal
Environmental science and pollution research international
ISSN: 1614-7499
Titre abrégé: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9441769
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Sep 2022
Sep 2022
Historique:
received:
26
08
2021
accepted:
08
04
2022
pubmed:
3
5
2022
medline:
24
9
2022
entrez:
2
5
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Citalopram (CTP) and mirtazapine (MTP) are two typical psychoactive drugs used for the depression treatment. As emerging pollutants, CTP and MTP have raised concern because of their harmful effect on aquatic organisms. Therefore, the ecotoxicological risk of these two pollutants to aquatic organisms should be given more attention. In this study, the effects of CTP and MTP on the feeding rate, heartbeat, nutritional enzymes, and their related gene expression of D. magna were investigated under single and binary mixture pollutant exposure. Subsequently, the recovery of exposed D. magna was studied to assess the toxic persistence of those pollutants. After 24-h exposure, the ingestion rate decreased by 34.2% and 21.5%, in the group of 1.45 mg/L CTP (C-H) and binary mixture with high concentration (Mix-H), respectively. After 24-h recovery, the feeding rate of D. magna was stimulated by a compensatory response. Over the exposure period, the heartbeat rate of D. magna increased significantly in the groups of CTP, MTP, and their binary mixture with low concentration (Mix-L), and then, their heartbeat rate was recovered during the recovery period. The activity of α-amylase (AMS) and trypsin were significantly changed in most of the exposed daphnia, both during the exposure and recovery period. CTP/MTP exposure stimulated the expression of the AMS gene. MTP and Mix-H exposure inhibited the expression of the trypsin gene and the other groups stimulated its expression. After 24-h recovery, the stimulating or inhibitory effects were alleviated. There were different responses between gene expression and enzyme activity. In conclusion, our results highlighted the toxic effects at high concentrations of single and mixed pollution of CTP and MTP on the feeding rate, heartbeat, AMS and trypsin enzyme activity, and expression of related genes of D. magna to assess the environment risk of them.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35501432
doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20203-3
pii: 10.1007/s11356-022-20203-3
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antidepressive Agents
0
Water Pollutants, Chemical
0
Citalopram
0DHU5B8D6V
Cytidine Triphosphate
65-47-4
Mirtazapine
A051Q2099Q
alpha-Amylases
EC 3.2.1.1
Trypsin
EC 3.4.21.4
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
66100-66108Subventions
Organisme : National Natural Science Foundation of China
ID : 21876207
Organisme : Research Project of Ecological Environment in Jiangsu Province
ID : 2020004
Organisme : Double First-Class University Project
ID : CPU2018GY21
Organisme : Double First-Class University Project
ID : 24
Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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