The orexin story, sleep and sleep disturbances.
insomnia
narcolepsy
orexin/hypocretin
sleep disturbances
Journal
Journal of sleep research
ISSN: 1365-2869
Titre abrégé: J Sleep Res
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9214441
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 2022
08 2022
Historique:
revised:
16
05
2022
received:
11
05
2022
accepted:
17
05
2022
pubmed:
15
6
2022
medline:
30
7
2022
entrez:
14
6
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The orexins, also known as hypocretins, are two neuropeptides (orexin A and B or hypocretin 1 and 2) produced by a few thousand neurons located in the lateral hypothalamus that were independently discovered by two research groups in 1998. Those two peptides bind two receptors (orexin/hypocretin receptor 1 and receptor 2) that are widely distributed in the brain and involved in the central physiological regulation of sleep and wakefulness, orexin receptor 2 having the major role in the maintenance of arousal. They are also implicated in a multiplicity of other functions, such as reward seeking, energy balance, autonomic regulation and emotional behaviours. The destruction of orexin neurons is responsible for the sleep disorder narcolepsy with cataplexy (type 1) in humans, and a defect of orexin signalling also causes a narcoleptic phenotype in several animal species. Orexin discovery is unprecedented in the history of sleep research, and pharmacological manipulations of orexin may have multiple therapeutic applications. Several orexin receptor antagonists were recently developed as new drugs for insomnia, and orexin agonists may be the next-generation drugs for narcolepsy. Given the broad range of functions of the orexin system, these drugs might also be beneficial for treating various conditions other than sleep disorders in the near future.
Substances chimiques
Carrier Proteins
0
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
0
Orexins
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e13665Informations de copyright
© 2022 European Sleep Research Society.
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