Association of Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers With Cholinergic White Matter Degeneration in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals.

Aged Alzheimer Disease / diagnostic imaging Amyloid / metabolism Amyloid beta-Peptides / metabolism Amyloidogenic Proteins / metabolism Amyloidosis Apolipoprotein E4 / genetics Biomarkers Cholinergic Agents Diffusion Tensor Imaging Female Humans Male White Matter / pathology tau Proteins / metabolism

Journal

Neurology
ISSN: 1526-632X
Titre abrégé: Neurology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401060

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
11 10 2022
Historique:
received: 28 10 2021
accepted: 19 05 2022
pubmed: 3 8 2022
medline: 13 10 2022
entrez: 2 8 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Several pathologic processes might contribute to the degeneration of the cholinergic system in aging. We aimed to determine the contribution of amyloid, tau, and cerebrovascular biomarkers toward the degeneration of cholinergic white matter (WM) projections in cognitively unimpaired individuals. The contribution of amyloid and tau pathology was assessed through CSF levels of the Aβ We included 203 cognitively unimpaired individuals from the H70 Gothenburg Birth Cohort Studies (all individuals aged 70 years, 51% female). WM lesion burden was the most important contributor to the degeneration of both cholinergic pathways (increase in mean square error [IncMSE] = 98.8% in the external capsule pathway and IncMSE = 93.3% in the cingulum pathway). Levels of Aβ In cognitively unimpaired older individuals, WMLs play a central role in the degeneration of cholinergic pathways. Our findings highlight the importance of WM lesion burden in the elderly population, which should be considered in the development of prevention programs for neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Several pathologic processes might contribute to the degeneration of the cholinergic system in aging. We aimed to determine the contribution of amyloid, tau, and cerebrovascular biomarkers toward the degeneration of cholinergic white matter (WM) projections in cognitively unimpaired individuals.
METHODS
The contribution of amyloid and tau pathology was assessed through CSF levels of the Aβ
RESULTS
We included 203 cognitively unimpaired individuals from the H70 Gothenburg Birth Cohort Studies (all individuals aged 70 years, 51% female). WM lesion burden was the most important contributor to the degeneration of both cholinergic pathways (increase in mean square error [IncMSE] = 98.8% in the external capsule pathway and IncMSE = 93.3% in the cingulum pathway). Levels of Aβ
DISCUSSION
In cognitively unimpaired older individuals, WMLs play a central role in the degeneration of cholinergic pathways. Our findings highlight the importance of WM lesion burden in the elderly population, which should be considered in the development of prevention programs for neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000200930 PMID: 35918153 PMC: PMC9559946
pubmed: 35918153
pii: WNL.0000000000200930
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000200930
pmc: PMC9559946
doi:

Substances chimiques

Amyloid 0
Amyloid beta-Peptides 0
Amyloidogenic Proteins 0
Apolipoprotein E4 0
Biomarkers 0
Cholinergic Agents 0
tau Proteins 0

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

e1619-e1629

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.

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Auteurs

Nira Cedres (N)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1850-6451

Daniel Ferreira (D)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK. daniel.ferreira.padilla@ki.se.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9522-4338

Milan Nemy (M)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

Alejandra Machado (A)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

Joana B Pereira (JB)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

Sara Shams (S)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

Lars-Olof Wahlund (LO)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

Anna Zettergren (A)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

Olga Stepankova (O)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

Lenka Vyslouzilova (L)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

Maria Eriksdotter (M)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

Stefan Teipel (S)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

Michel J Grothe (MJ)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

Kaj Blennow (K)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1890-4193

Henrik Zetterberg (H)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4671-6763

Michael Schöll (M)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7800-1781

Silke Kern (S)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

Ingmar Skoog (I)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

Eric Westman (E)

From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (N.C., D.F., A.M., J.B.P., S.S., L.-O.W., M.E., E.W.), Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, and the Division of Insurance Medicine (A.M.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Psychology (N.C.), Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Radiology (D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cybernetics (M.N.), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Czech Institute of Informatics (M.N., O.S., L.V.), Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Memory Research Unit (J.B.P.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, (A.Z., S.K., I.S.), Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.Z., K.B., H.Z., S.K., I.S.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg; Theme Inflammation and Aging (M.E.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Dementia Research Section (S.T.), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.T., M.J.G.), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.S.) and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.S.), Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre (M.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3115-2977

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Sujet âgé › Association of Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer...
questionsmedicales.fr › Troubles mentaux › Troubles neurocognitifs › Démence › Maladie d'Alzheimer › Association of Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer...
questionsmedicales.fr › Acides aminés, peptides et protéines › Protéines › Amyloïde › Association of Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer...
questionsmedicales.fr › Acides aminés, peptides et protéines › Protéines › Protéines membranaires › Peptides bêta-amyloïdes › Association of Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer...
questionsmedicales.fr › Acides aminés, peptides et protéines › Protéines › Amyloïde › Protéines amyloïdogènes › Association of Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer...
questionsmedicales.fr › Maladies métaboliques et nutritionnelles › Maladies métaboliques › Troubles de l'homéostasie des protéines › Amyloïdose › Association of Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer...
questionsmedicales.fr › Acides aminés, peptides et protéines › Protéines › Lipoprotéines › Apolipoprotéines › Apolipoprotéines E › Apolipoprotéine E4 › Association of Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer...
questionsmedicales.fr › Facteurs biologiques › Marqueurs biologiques › Association of Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer...
questionsmedicales.fr › Actions chimiques et utilisations › Actions pharmacologiques › Effets physiologiques des médicaments › Agents neuromédiateurs › Agents cholinergiques › Association of Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer...
questionsmedicales.fr › Techniques d'investigation › Neuroimagerie › Imagerie par tenseur de diffusion › Association of Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Association of Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer...
questionsmedicales.fr › Système nerveux › Système nerveux central › Moelle spinale › Substance blanche › Association of Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer...
questionsmedicales.fr › Acides aminés, peptides et protéines › Protéines › Protéines de tissu nerveux › Protéines associées aux microtubules › Protéines tau › Association of Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer...