Z-DNA-Containing Long Terminal Repeats of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Families Provide Alternative Promoters for Human Functional Genes.
Z-DNA
gene function
human diseases
human endogenous retrovirus
long terminal repeat elements
Journal
Molecules and cells
ISSN: 0219-1032
Titre abrégé: Mol Cells
Pays: Korea (South)
ID NLM: 9610936
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
31 Aug 2022
31 Aug 2022
Historique:
received:
11
04
2022
revised:
16
05
2022
accepted:
31
05
2022
entrez:
11
8
2022
pubmed:
12
8
2022
medline:
13
8
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Transposable elements (TEs) account for approximately 45% of the human genome. TEs have proliferated randomly and integrated into functional genes during hominoid radiation. They appear as right-handed B-DNA double helices and slightly elongated left-handed Z-DNAs. Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) families are widely distributed in human chromosomes at a ratio of 8%. They contain a 5'-long terminal repeat (LTR)-gag-pol-env-3'-LTR structure. LTRs contain the U3 enhancer and promoter region, transcribed R region, and U5 region. LTRs can influence host gene expression by acting as regulatory elements. In this review, we describe the alternative promoters derived from LTR elements that overlap Z-DNA by comparing Z-hunt and DeepZ data for human functional genes. We also present evidence showing the regulatory activity of LTR elements containing Z-DNA in
Identifiants
pubmed: 35950452
pii: molcells.2022.0060
doi: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0060
pmc: PMC9385571
doi:
Substances chimiques
DNA, Z-Form
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
522-530Références
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